Neurite Outgrowth and Axon Guidance Factors
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Questions and Answers

What was the purpose of the experiment described in the text?

  • To investigate the impact of light on retinal axon development
  • To analyze the migration patterns of ganglion cells
  • To study how cues guide the formation of the optic tract (correct)
  • To determine the number of axons present in the optic chiasm
  • What happened to the direction of axon growth when grafts were rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise?

  • Axons changed their growth direction entirely
  • Axons grew away from the original position
  • Axons grew toward their original position (correct)
  • Axons grew in a random pattern
  • What was the role of Ganglion Cells in the experiment?

  • To label retinal axons before reaching the optic chiasm
  • To study the embryonic optic tract
  • To observe axon growth patterns at the chiasm
  • To make decisions at the optic chiasm (correct)
  • What did the experiment aim to visualize using microscopy?

    <p>Axon guidance at the optic chiasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did retinal axons behave after crossing the optic chiasm?

    <p>They formed optic tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was significant about the decisions made by Ganglion Cells at the optic chiasm?

    <p>They demonstrated divergent choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of the growth cone at the end of an axon?

    <p>Dictate the direction and destination of the axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are filopodia and lamellipodia in the growth cone mainly composed of?

    <p>Actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cytochalasins inhibit actin polymerization in the growth cone?

    <p>Growth cone retraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure within the growth cone guides pioneer microtubules along and helps traverse through the F-actin network?

    <p>F-actin arcs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key role of receptors on the growth cone?

    <p>Sense environmental cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which domain of the growth cone are microtubules hindered by F-actin arcs acting as barriers?

    <p>Transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of microtubule stabilizers placed on a specific side of the growth cone?

    <p>Cause growth cone turning towards that axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Cytochalasin B affect actin filaments in the growth cone?

    <p>Causes actin filaments to retreat towards the central region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of adhesions between the growth cone and extracellular matrix (ECM)?

    <p>Facilitate traction and growth cone movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a loss of F-actin from the periphery of the growth cone?

    <p>Complete collapse and retraction of the growth cone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do retrograde flow of actin and microtubule interactions influence other structures in the growth cone?

    <p>Pull other structures back with them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chemoattraction in growth cone propulsion?

    <p>Direct axon using soluble molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules are major components of basal laminae and promote axon outgrowth?

    <p>Laminins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the experiment involving cell adhesion assay to identify NCAMs, which type of cell adhesion molecules are examples of calcium-independent adhesion?

    <p>NCAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when Ephrin binds to Eph receptors?

    <p>It mediates an inhibitory signal guiding axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of Ephrins has a GPI anchor?

    <p>Ephrin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Ephrin Bs in the optic tectum?

    <p>Attract axons from ventral RGCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do integrins interact with the extracellular matrix?

    <p>By binding to laminins and other matrix molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of signaling occurs through Ephrin A5?

    <p>Forward repulsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins are Ephrin As?

    <p>GPI anchored</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for the attraction of axons to the floor plate in commissural neurons?

    <p>Netrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor prevents RGC axons from wandering outside of the optic nerve according to the text?

    <p>Sema5A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are required for attraction in the context of Netrins according to the text?

    <p>DCC and UNC5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for repulsion in axons that grow away from the midline according to the text?

    <p>UNC-40 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GTPase promotes growth cone collapse?

    <p>RhoGTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of GAPs in the GTPase cycle?

    <p>Accelerate the inactivation of GTPases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which netrin receptor complex induces growth cone attraction?

    <p>Binding of netrin to DCC homodimers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Ephexin in intracellular signaling?

    <p>Activation of RhoGTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism leads to Slit-induced repulsive migration?

    <p>Reduction of Cdc42 activity by Slit-induced Robo activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is correlated with the activation of Rac and Cdc42?

    <p>Response to attractants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of activating DCC homodimers?

    <p>Growth cone attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GTPase promotes the formation of Filopodia?

    <p>CDC42GTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intracellular mechanism leads to cytoskeletal rearrangements?

    <p>CDC42GTP activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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