Neuraminidase Inhibitors and Influenza Treatment
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of antiviral and antiretroviral drugs?

  • Target essential bacterial enzymes
  • Enhance viral entry into host cells
  • Activate viral replication
  • Inhibit a pathway unique to the virus but not the cell (correct)

    • What are viruses' requirements for reproduction?

  • Generate energy to reproduce
  • Utilize their own enzymes for reproduction
  • Infect a cell, use the host machinery to synthesize macromolecules necessary for assembly of new viral particles (correct)
  • Rely solely on external sources for reproduction

    • What do viruses contain?

  • Only RNA, not DNA
  • Only DNA, not RNA
  • DNA and RNA both
  • Capsule and envelope but not DNA or RNA (correct)

    • Are viruses susceptible to antibacterial agents?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the stages of the viral life cycle?

    <p>Binding, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do viruses attach to host cells?

    <p>By generating specific ligands on their surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is involved in the entry stage of the viral life cycle for some viruses like HIV and measles?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of antiviral and antiretroviral drugs that makes them effective against viruses?

    <p>Inhibition of viral entry into host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the envelope in some viruses?

    <p>Facilitation of viral attachment to host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are obligate intracellular parasites?

    <p>Pathogens that rely on host cells for energy and replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major challenge in treating viral infections?

    <p>Viral replication occurs before clinical symptoms appear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in combating viral infections?

    <p>They recognize proteins on the viral surface and destroy viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of nucleoside analogues such as Acyclovir and Ganciclovir?

    <p>They terminate chain elongation and inhibit viral replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is Valganciclovir particularly active against?

    <p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main toxic effect associated with Ribavirin?

    <p>Hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for Foscarnet in inhibiting viral infections?

    <p>Inhibition of viral uncoating by blocking a viral ion channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Amantadine and Rimantadine act to prevent viral infections?

    <p>They specifically prevent proton influx, thus preventing viral uncoating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most common side effects associated with Amantadine and Rimantadine?

    <p>Central nervous system side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Selective Neuraminidase Inhibitors' are primarily used for the treatment of which viral infections?

    <p>'Flu' viruses (Influenza A and B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Viral M2 Protein Blockers' such as Amantadine and Rimantadine specifically prevent viral uncoating by blocking which viral protein?

    <p>'Influenza A' protein (viral M2 protein)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of drugs is described as substrates of cytochrome P-450 enzymes and prone to drug-drug interactions?

    <p>Protease inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known to bind to the transmembrane glycoprotein subunit (gp41) of the viral envelope, preventing the fusion of viral envelope and cell membrane?

    <p>Maraviroc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is NOT an HIV protease inhibitor?

    <p>Nevirapine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is specifically mentioned as inhibiting viral assembly and release from the host CD4 cells?

    <p>Indinavir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known to block certain strains of HIV from binding to chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), preventing viral entry?

    <p>Maraviroc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is associated with changes in body fat distribution such as central obesity, buffalo hump, and gynecomastia as a general side effect?

    <p>Lopinavir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is described as a substrate of cytochrome P-450 enzymes and prone to drug-drug interactions?

    <p>Tipranavir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of drugs prevents attachment of viral proteins to host CD4 cells, thus inhibiting viral entry?

    <p>Fusion inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug binds to the transmembrane glycoprotein subunit (gp41) of the viral envelope, preventing the fusion of viral envelope and cell membrane?

    <p>Enfuvirtide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used for the treatment of both Influenza A and B?

    <p>Oseltamivir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic option for Hepatitis C when used in combination with Ribavirin?

    <p>Interferon α</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is an alternative choice for the treatment of Hepatitis B?

    <p>Lamivudine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug needs to be injected subcutaneously?

    <p>Interferon α</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is excreted unchanged in urine and is given orally?

    <p>Oseltamivir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Suppress viral load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) in HIV treatment?

    <p>Induce strand breaks following incorporation into DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a serious adverse effect of NRTIs in HIV treatment?

    <p>Peripheral neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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