Neural Tube Defects

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Which condition is characterized by the failure of closure of the neural tube?

Meningomyelocele

Meningocele

Spina bifida occulta

Anencephaly (correct)

What is a characteristic feature of TORCH infections?

Microcephaly (correct)

Renal dysplasia

Polydactyly

Pulmonary hemorrhage

Which condition is characterized by herniation of meninges through a defect in the spinal column?

Hydrocephalus

Spina bifida

Meningocele (correct)

Anencephaly

What is a common feature of neural tube defects?

Increased α-fetoprotein levels Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to failure of posterior vertebral arches to close?

Spina bifida Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of hydrocephalus?

Congenital malformations Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hydrocephalus involves free flow of CSF between the ventricles and subarachnoid space?

Communicating hydrocephalus Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by a downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum?

Arnold-Chiari malformation Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is associated with excessive maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy?

Fetal alcohol syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is found in tuberous sclerosis syndrome?

Nodular proliferations of multinucleated astrocytes forming tubers Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common group of CNS disorders according to the text?

Cerebrovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

Which type of arterial occlusion is most often caused by atherosclerosis?

Thrombosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequent site of embolic occlusion mentioned in the text?

Middle cerebral artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic lesion associated with lacunar strokes mentioned in the text?

Lacunae Signup and view all the answers

What clinical manifestations are often seen in pure motor lacunar stroke according to the text?

Motor defects Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage according to the text?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which area is most commonly affected by intracerebral hemorrhage?

Basal ganglia/thalamus Signup and view all the answers

What type of hemorrhage occurs in the subarachnoid space according to the text?

Berry aneurysm rupture Signup and view all the answers

What type of hematoma is associated with a lucid interval followed by rapid signs of cerebral compression?

Epidural hematoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of subdural hematoma according to the text?

Venous bleeding Signup and view all the answers