Neural System Divisions

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Questions and Answers

The visceral nervous system is part of the ______ nervous system.

peripheral

A neuron is composed of three major parts: cell body, ______, and axon.

dendrites

The ______ is the part of the neuron that transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body.

axon

Myelinated nerve fibers are enveloped with ______ cells.

<p>Schwann</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neurons are divided into three types: multipolar, ______, and unipolar.

<p>bipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

The human neural system is divided into two parts: the central neural system (CNS) and the peripheral neural system (PNS), where the CNS includes the brain and the ______.

<p>spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nerve fibers of the PNS are classified into two types: afferent fibers and ______ fibers.

<p>efferent</p> Signup and view all the answers

The afferent nerve fibers transmit impulses from tissues/organs to the ______.

<p>CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic neural system and the ______ neural system.

<p>autonomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The somatic neural system relays impulses from the CNS to ______ muscles.

<p>skeletal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The autonomic neural system is further classified into two branches: the sympathetic neural system and the ______ neural system.

<p>parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Visceral nervous system is part of the PNS that comprises nerves and ______ facilitating impulses between the CNS and viscera.

<p>fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

The regulatory impulses from the CNS to the concerned peripheral tissues/organs are transmitted by ______ fibers.

<p>efferent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Visceral Nervous System

The part of the peripheral nervous system responsible for communicating with internal organs and glands.

Neuron

The basic unit of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.

Dendrites

Short, branched fibers that extend from the cell body of a neuron and receive signals from other neurons.

Axon

A long, slender fiber extending from the cell body of a neuron that transmits signals to other neurons or muscles.

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Myelin Sheath

A fatty sheath that covers and insulates axons, increasing the speed of nerve impulse transmission.

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Central Nervous System (CNS)

The control center of the nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord. It processes information and sends out commands.

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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The network of nerves that connects the CNS to the rest of the body, carrying information to and from the brain and spinal cord.

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Afferent Nerve Fibers

Nerve fibers that transmit signals from tissues and organs to the CNS, providing sensory information.

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Efferent Nerve Fibers

Nerve fibers that transmit signals from the CNS to tissues and organs, controlling actions.

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Somatic Nervous System

The part of the PNS that controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

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Autonomic Nervous System

The part of the PNS that controls involuntary actions like heart rate, digestion, and breathing.

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Sympathetic Nervous System

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for 'fight-or-flight' responses.

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Parasympathetic Nervous System

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that conserves energy and promotes relaxation, returning the body to a 'resting' state.

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Study Notes

Neural System Divisions

  • Human neural system is divided into two main parts:
    • Central Nervous System (CNS): Includes brain and spinal cord; site of information processing and control.
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): All nerves connected to CNS; carries impulses to and from CNS.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Components

  • Nerve Fibers: Two types:

    • Afferent fibers: Transmit impulses from tissues/organs to the CNS.
    • Efferent fibers: Transmit impulses from the CNS to peripheral tissues/organs.
  • Divisions:

    • Somatic Neural System: Relays impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles.
    • Autonomic Neural System: Carries impulses from CNS to involuntary organs and smooth muscles; further divided into:
      • Sympathetic Neural System
      • Parasympathetic Neural System
  • Visceral Nervous System: Part of PNS; complex of nerves, fibres, ganglia, and plexuses; carries impulses between CNS and viscera.

Neuron Structure and Types

  • Neuron: Microscopic structure with three main parts:

    • Cell body: Contains cytoplasm with organelles and Nissl's granules.
    • Dendrites: Short, branching fibres projecting from cell body; contain Nissl's granules; transmit impulses toward cell body.
    • Axon: Long fibre that branches at its end; transmits impulses away from cell body; branches end in synaptic knobs with synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters.
  • Neuron Types: Based on axon and dendrite number:

    • Multipolar: One axon, two or more dendrites; common in cerebral cortex.
    • Bipolar: One axon, one dendrite; found in retina.
    • Unipolar: One axon, no dendrite; mainly in embryonic stage.
  • Axon Types:

    • Myelinated: Enveloped by Schwann cells forming a myelin sheath; gaps between sheaths are nodes of Ranvier; found in spinal & cranial nerves.
    • Non-myelinated: Schwann cell does not form myelin sheath; found in autonomic and somatic systems.

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