Neural Synapse Components Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which mechanism is responsible for the rapid response of neurotransmitters that open ion channels?

  • Enzymatic breakdown of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft
  • Active transport of neurotransmitters
  • Indirect mechanism through second messengers
  • Direct mechanism that promotes fast synapses (correct)

What is the primary function of enzymes present in the synaptic cleft?

  • To maintain the graded potential in the postsynaptic neuron
  • To actively transport neurotransmitters back into the presynaptic cell
  • To open ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane
  • To quickly break down neurotransmitters and stop the signal (correct)

How do neurotransmitters affect the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron?

  • Neurotransmitters have no effect on the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron
  • Neurotransmitters always cause depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane
  • Neurotransmitters only have excitatory effects on the postsynaptic membrane
  • Neurotransmitters have either excitatory or inhibitory effects, depending on the receptor type (correct)

What is the primary mechanism by which neurotransmitters are inactivated and removed from the synaptic cleft?

<p>Neurotransmitters are broken down by enzymes in the synaptic cleft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neurotransmitter receptor is responsible for the long-lasting, 'slow synaptic' effects?

<p>Receptors that act through second messengers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic neuron?

<p>To store and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic neuron?

<p>To store and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the synaptic cleft in the synaptic transmission process?

<p>To facilitate the diffusion of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic neuron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ion channels in the postsynaptic neuron during synaptic transmission?

<p>To allow the flow of ions across the postsynaptic cell membrane, leading to changes in membrane potential (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of neurotransmitters in the synaptic transmission process?

<p>To bind to neurotransmitter receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, leading to changes in membrane potential (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neurotransmitter receptors on the postsynaptic neuron?

<p>To bind to neurotransmitters and, in turn, open ion channels in the postsynaptic cell membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between an EPSP and an IPSP in the postsynaptic neuron?

<p>EPSPs increase the likelihood of an action potential, while IPSPs decrease the likelihood of an action potential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft?

<p>Vesicular transport and exocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of ion channels in the post-synaptic neuron during synaptic transmission?

<p>Providing a pathway for the flow of ions across the post-synaptic membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily responsible for excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system?

<p>Glutamate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as GABA, reduce the likelihood of the post-synaptic neuron reaching the action potential threshold?

<p>Decreasing the efflux of chloride ions from the post-synaptic neuron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which temporal summation occurs at a single synapse?

<p>Increased frequency of action potentials in the presynaptic neuron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which spatial summation occurs at a single post-synaptic neuron?

<p>Simultaneous stimulation of the post-synaptic neuron by multiple presynaptic neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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