Neural Signaling Process

What is the primary function of astrocytes?

Physically support neurons and regulate extracellular fluid in CNS (correct)
Line cavities in the CNS
Form myelin sheaths around axons in CNS
Phagocytic cells

What is the purpose of the sodium-potassium pumps?

To generate neurotransmitters
To facilitate graded potentials
To propagate action potentials
To maintain the resting potential of the neuron (correct)

What happens when the membrane potential becomes less negative than the resting potential?

The membrane is refractory
The membrane is at rest
The membrane is depolarized (correct)
The membrane is hyperpolarized

What is the term for the process of summing incoming signals in a neuron?

Neural integration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nodes of Ranvier?

To facilitate saltatory conduction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the wave of depolarization that moves down the axon?

Action potential (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neurotransmitters in synaptic transmission?

To transmit signals from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the period during which the axon cannot transmit another action potential?

Absolute refractory period (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microglia?

To phagocytose foreign substances and debris (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the local response that varies in magnitude depending on the strength of the applied stimulus?

Graded potential (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the neural signaling process?

Reception of information by a sensory receptor (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of neuron transmits information from the central nervous system to other neurons or effectors?

Motor neuron (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

To insulate and increase the speed of transmission (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gaps in the myelin sheath between successive Schwann cells?

Nodes of Ranvier (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glial cells in the nervous system?

To support and nourish neurons (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a mass of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system?

Ganglion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to incoming neural signals during integration?

They are summed (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

To receive stimuli and send signals to the cell body (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for several hundred axons wrapped in connective tissue?

Nerve (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of temporal and spatial summation?

A neuron reaching threshold level (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of interneurons in the central nervous system?

To sort and interpret information (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when a single neuron is affected by converging signals from two or more presynaptic neurons?

Convergence (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the last step in the neural signaling process?

Action by effectors the muscles and glands (A) Signup and view all the answers

What allows the CNS to integrate incoming information from various sources?

Convergence (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when a single presynaptic neuron stimulates many postsynaptic neurons?

Divergence (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of reverberating circuits?

Controlling rhythmic breathing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of reverberating circuits?

Positive feedback (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens in reverberating circuits until synapses fatigue?

New impulses are generated again and again (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an important function of complex neural circuits?

Integrating incoming information from various sources (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of complex neural circuits?

Complex associations (A) Signup and view all the answers