Neural Signaling Process
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of astrocytes?

  • Physically support neurons and regulate extracellular fluid in CNS (correct)
  • Line cavities in the CNS
  • Form myelin sheaths around axons in CNS
  • Phagocytic cells

    • What is the purpose of the sodium-potassium pumps?

  • To generate neurotransmitters
  • To facilitate graded potentials
  • To propagate action potentials
  • To maintain the resting potential of the neuron (correct)

    • What happens when the membrane potential becomes less negative than the resting potential?

  • The membrane is refractory
  • The membrane is at rest
  • The membrane is depolarized (correct)
  • The membrane is hyperpolarized

    • What is the term for the process of summing incoming signals in a neuron?

    <p>Neural integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nodes of Ranvier?

    <p>To facilitate saltatory conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the wave of depolarization that moves down the axon?

    <p>Action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neurotransmitters in synaptic transmission?

    <p>To transmit signals from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the period during which the axon cannot transmit another action potential?

    <p>Absolute refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microglia?

    <p>To phagocytose foreign substances and debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the local response that varies in magnitude depending on the strength of the applied stimulus?

    <p>Graded potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the neural signaling process?

    <p>Reception of information by a sensory receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neuron transmits information from the central nervous system to other neurons or effectors?

    <p>Motor neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myelin sheath?

    <p>To insulate and increase the speed of transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the gaps in the myelin sheath between successive Schwann cells?

    <p>Nodes of Ranvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glial cells in the nervous system?

    <p>To support and nourish neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a mass of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to incoming neural signals during integration?

    <p>They are summed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>To receive stimuli and send signals to the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for several hundred axons wrapped in connective tissue?

    <p>Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of temporal and spatial summation?

    <p>A neuron reaching threshold level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interneurons in the central nervous system?

    <p>To sort and interpret information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when a single neuron is affected by converging signals from two or more presynaptic neurons?

    <p>Convergence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last step in the neural signaling process?

    <p>Action by effectors the muscles and glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows the CNS to integrate incoming information from various sources?

    <p>Convergence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when a single presynaptic neuron stimulates many postsynaptic neurons?

    <p>Divergence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of reverberating circuits?

    <p>Controlling rhythmic breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of reverberating circuits?

    <p>Positive feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in reverberating circuits until synapses fatigue?

    <p>New impulses are generated again and again</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important function of complex neural circuits?

    <p>Integrating incoming information from various sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of complex neural circuits?

    <p>Complex associations</p> Signup and view all the answers

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