30 Questions
What is the first step in the neural signaling process?
Reception of information by a sensory receptor
What type of neurons transmit information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system?
Afferent neurons
What is the function of glial cells in the nervous system?
To support and nourish neurons
What is the main function of the dendrites of a neuron?
To receive stimuli and send signals to the cell body
What is the function of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?
To insulate axons
What is the term for gaps in the myelin sheath?
Nodes of Ranvier
What is a group of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system called?
Ganglion
What is the function of interneurons in the central nervous system?
To integrate information in the CNS
What is the final step in the neural signaling process?
Action by effectors
What is the term for a bundle of axons wrapped in connective tissue?
Nerve
What happens to incoming neural signals during integration?
They are summed
What type of associations allow complex neural circuits to be formed?
Convergence and divergence
What is the result of a single neuron being affected by converging signals from two or more presynaptic neurons?
Convergence
What is the effect of a single presynaptic neuron stimulating many postsynaptic neurons?
Divergence
What is the function of reverberating circuits in the CNS?
Maintaining rhythmic breathing and mental alertness
What is necessary for reverberating circuits to function?
Positive feedback
What is the result of positive feedback in reverberating circuits?
New impulses are generated
What is the significance of convergence in neural circuits?
It allows the CNS to integrate information from various sources
What is the difference between convergence and divergence?
Convergence is when many neurons affect one, while divergence is when one affects many
What is the purpose of reverberating circuits in the CNS?
To regulate rhythmic activities and mental processes
What is the main function of astrocytes in the CNS?
Physically supporting neurons and regulating extracellular fluid
Which type of glial cell forms myelin sheaths around axons in the PNS?
Schwann cells
What is the purpose of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?
To maintain the resting potential
What is the term for the voltage difference across the plasma membrane of a resting neuron?
Resting potential
What is the term for a local response in a neuron that varies in magnitude depending on the strength of the stimulus?
Graded potential
What is the term for the process by which the strength of incoming signals is summed to determine the firing of a neuron?
Neural integration
What is the term for the type of synapse where the neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic neuron and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron?
Chemical synapse
What is the term for the binding of a neurotransmitter to a receptor on the postsynaptic neuron?
Binding of neurotransmitter to a receptor
What is the term for the process by which the strength of an incoming signal is increased or decreased by the summation of multiple EPSPs or IPSPs?
Spatial summation
What is the term for the period of time during which an axon is unable to transmit another action potential?
Refractory period
Test your knowledge of the neural signaling process, from the reception of external and internal stimuli to the transmission of signals to the central nervous system and eventually to muscles and glands. Learn about the role of sensory receptors, afferent and efferent neurons, and interneurons in this process. Understand how neural signals are integrated and transmitted.
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