Neural Signaling Pathway

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What is the first step in the neural signaling process?

Action by effectors the muscles and glands
Integration by interneurons in the central nervous system (CNS)
Reception of information by a sensory receptor (correct)
Transmission by an afferent neuron to the central nervous system (CNS)

What is the function of interneurons in the central nervous system (CNS)?

To transmit information from the CNS to effector cells
To detect internal stimuli
To transmit impulses from sensory receptors
To sort and interpret information (correct)

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

To insulate and facilitate the transmission of signals (correct)
To transmit electrical and chemical signals
To nourish and support neurons
To detect external stimuli

What is the function of glial cells?

To support and nourish neurons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gaps in the myelin sheath between successive Schwann cells?

Nodes of Ranvier (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a mass of neuron cell bodies in the PNS?

Ganglion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the integration of neural signals?

Neural signals are summed (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of convergence in neural circuits?

To allow a single neuron to be affected by converging signals from multiple presynaptic neurons (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of reverberating circuits in the nervous system?

To influence rhythmic breathing, mental alertness, and short-term memory (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a divergent neural circuit?

A single presynaptic neuron stimulates many postsynaptic neurons (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for reverberating circuits to function?

Positive feedback (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

To form myelin sheaths around axons (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the resting potential of a neuron and what is its magnitude?

Polarized, -70 mV (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of voltage-activated ion channels in generating an action potential?

To open and allow Na+ ions to flow into the neuron (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the refractory period in neuronal transmission?

To prevent the neuron from transmitting multiple action potentials (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of conduction occurs in myelinated neurons?

Saltatory conduction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neurotransmitters in synaptic transmission?

To bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, transmitting signals (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting potential of a neuron?

To maintain the ion gradients across the membrane (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between EPSPs and IPSPs?

EPSPs are excitatory, while IPSPs are inhibitory (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calcium ions in synaptic transmission?

To fuse synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, releasing neurotransmitters (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of neural integration?

To sum the incoming signals, determining the neuron's response (A) Signup and view all the answers