Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a derivative of neural crest cells?
Which of the following is a derivative of neural crest cells?
- Cardiac muscle cells
- Smooth muscle in the outflow tract of the heart (correct)
- Epithelial cells of the skin
- Red blood cells
What influences the fate of neural crest cells (NCCs)?
What influences the fate of neural crest cells (NCCs)?
- The genetic composition of the parent cells
- New environmental signals and axial positions (correct)
- The type of tissue they first encounter
- The age of the organism
Which cell type is primarily associated with the peripheral nervous system as a derivative of neural crest cells?
Which cell type is primarily associated with the peripheral nervous system as a derivative of neural crest cells?
- Sensory neurons
- Oligodendrocytes
- Astrocytes
- Schwann cell precursors (SCP) (correct)
Which of the following is NOT derived from neural crest cells?
Which of the following is NOT derived from neural crest cells?
What is the relationship between Schwann cell precursors and neural crest cells?
What is the relationship between Schwann cell precursors and neural crest cells?
What is a significant finding regarding neural crest cells based on single cell RNA sequencing?
What is a significant finding regarding neural crest cells based on single cell RNA sequencing?
What method has contributed significantly to understanding the developmental trajectories of neural crest cells?
What method has contributed significantly to understanding the developmental trajectories of neural crest cells?
What do the lineage-restriction events in neural crest cells involve?
What do the lineage-restriction events in neural crest cells involve?
Which bioinformatics tools are utilized in the analysis of cell types in neural crest cells?
Which bioinformatics tools are utilized in the analysis of cell types in neural crest cells?
What aspect of neural crest cell development is underscored by the Confetti study mentioned in the content?
What aspect of neural crest cell development is underscored by the Confetti study mentioned in the content?
What is the primary characteristic of neural crest cells during their development?
What is the primary characteristic of neural crest cells during their development?
Which types of structures are derived from cranial neural crest cells?
Which types of structures are derived from cranial neural crest cells?
What process do neural crest cells undergo to become migratory?
What process do neural crest cells undergo to become migratory?
What is a target tissue of neural crest cells that is involved in the peripheral nervous system?
What is a target tissue of neural crest cells that is involved in the peripheral nervous system?
During which developmental stage do neural crest cells emerge?
During which developmental stage do neural crest cells emerge?
What is one method used to study neural crest cell derivatives?
What is one method used to study neural crest cell derivatives?
What does the expression of Cre recombinase in neural crest cells allow researchers to do?
What does the expression of Cre recombinase in neural crest cells allow researchers to do?
Which of the following is NOT a derivation from neural crest cells?
Which of the following is NOT a derivation from neural crest cells?
What structure is associated with the early stages of neural plate formation?
What structure is associated with the early stages of neural plate formation?
What type of migration do neural crest cells primarily undergo?
What type of migration do neural crest cells primarily undergo?
What is the primary purpose of the Neural Crest Culture System?
What is the primary purpose of the Neural Crest Culture System?
What did the clonal analysis in the early 1980s confirm about neural crest cells?
What did the clonal analysis in the early 1980s confirm about neural crest cells?
Which technique is primarily used to trace neural crest cells in confetti mice?
Which technique is primarily used to trace neural crest cells in confetti mice?
What finding did Chaya Kalcheim report about premigratory neural crest cells in chickens?
What finding did Chaya Kalcheim report about premigratory neural crest cells in chickens?
What is a notable feature of the Wnt1-CreERT system mentioned in the analysis?
What is a notable feature of the Wnt1-CreERT system mentioned in the analysis?
During quantitative analysis, what was concluded about the majority of neural crest cells in mice?
During quantitative analysis, what was concluded about the majority of neural crest cells in mice?
What color representation is used in the confetti mice for tracing purposes?
What color representation is used in the confetti mice for tracing purposes?
In the context of the analysis, what does 'lineage-restricted' imply about a neural crest cell?
In the context of the analysis, what does 'lineage-restricted' imply about a neural crest cell?
Which type of cells comprise a homogeneous population according to the culture system described?
Which type of cells comprise a homogeneous population according to the culture system described?
What role does the CAGG promoter play in the context of the neural crest culture system?
What role does the CAGG promoter play in the context of the neural crest culture system?
What is the primary function of Cre-recombinase in genetic studies using mice?
What is the primary function of Cre-recombinase in genetic studies using mice?
Cre-recombinase is naturally found in the mouse genome.
Cre-recombinase is naturally found in the mouse genome.
Describe the role of LoxP sites in the Cre-recombinase system.
Describe the role of LoxP sites in the Cre-recombinase system.
In the Cre-Lox system, the presence of a 'stopp signal' between LoxP sites prevents gene expression until it is ______ by Cre-recombinase.
In the Cre-Lox system, the presence of a 'stopp signal' between LoxP sites prevents gene expression until it is ______ by Cre-recombinase.
Match the component with its function in the Cre-Lox recombination system:
Match the component with its function in the Cre-Lox recombination system:
Which type of cell in the cerebellum forms rosette synapses?
Which type of cell in the cerebellum forms rosette synapses?
During cerebral cortex development, somal translocation involves migration along radial glia.
During cerebral cortex development, somal translocation involves migration along radial glia.
What is the primary type of migration exhibited by Purkinje precursor cells in the cerebellum?
What is the primary type of migration exhibited by Purkinje precursor cells in the cerebellum?
Neural crest cells undergo a(n) ________ to mesenchymal transition during their migration.
Neural crest cells undergo a(n) ________ to mesenchymal transition during their migration.
Which of the following is NOT a target destination for neural crest cells?
Which of the following is NOT a target destination for neural crest cells?
Match the cell type with its respective location and function in the cerebellum:
Match the cell type with its respective location and function in the cerebellum:
Name the process that allows neural crest cells to migrate from the dorsal neural tube.
Name the process that allows neural crest cells to migrate from the dorsal neural tube.
The migration of neural crest cells is independent of somite structures.
The migration of neural crest cells is independent of somite structures.
Which of the following best describes the function of CD271/p75NTR in neural crest cell analysis?
Which of the following best describes the function of CD271/p75NTR in neural crest cell analysis?
According to clonal analysis, neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) possess multipotency and self-renewal capacity in approximately 50% of the cells.
According to clonal analysis, neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) possess multipotency and self-renewal capacity in approximately 50% of the cells.
What is the role of Sox10 in the context of neural crest cell labeling?
What is the role of Sox10 in the context of neural crest cell labeling?
The combination of Wnt1 and ______ allows self-renewal and produces new NCSCs.
The combination of Wnt1 and ______ allows self-renewal and produces new NCSCs.
What happens if Wnt1, BMP2 and TGF$\beta$ are applied alone to neural crest stem cells?
What happens if Wnt1, BMP2 and TGF$\beta$ are applied alone to neural crest stem cells?
Match the following factors with their roles in neural crest stem cell (NCSC) development:
Match the following factors with their roles in neural crest stem cell (NCSC) development:
What is the primary conclusion drawn from combining in vitro and in vivo approaches in the study of neural crest stem cells?
What is the primary conclusion drawn from combining in vitro and in vivo approaches in the study of neural crest stem cells?
Inactivation of the Tgfbr2 gene in neural crest stem cells promotes normal smooth muscle, bone, and cartilage formation.
Inactivation of the Tgfbr2 gene in neural crest stem cells promotes normal smooth muscle, bone, and cartilage formation.
Which of the following is a non-neural derivative of neural crest cells?
Which of the following is a non-neural derivative of neural crest cells?
Neural crest cells only contribute to the formation of neural tissues.
Neural crest cells only contribute to the formation of neural tissues.
What is the main advantage of using quail-chick chimeras in studying neural crest cell migration?
What is the main advantage of using quail-chick chimeras in studying neural crest cell migration?
__________ are cells in the adrenal medulla that are derived from neural crest cells.
__________ are cells in the adrenal medulla that are derived from neural crest cells.
Match the following neural crest cell derivatives with their tissue type:
Match the following neural crest cell derivatives with their tissue type:
What is the key difference between the selective and instructive effects of factors on neural crest cell differentiation?
What is the key difference between the selective and instructive effects of factors on neural crest cell differentiation?
In neural crest cell culture, the entire neural tube is left in the dish for analysis.
In neural crest cell culture, the entire neural tube is left in the dish for analysis.
In the context of neural crest cell fate determination, what does an 'instructive effect' imply?
In the context of neural crest cell fate determination, what does an 'instructive effect' imply?
In the context of neural crest cell research using the 'Confetti mouse,' what is the primary purpose of using a CreERT system?
In the context of neural crest cell research using the 'Confetti mouse,' what is the primary purpose of using a CreERT system?
According to the 'Confetti mouse' study, the majority of neural crest cells are lineage-restricted at the analyzed stage.
According to the 'Confetti mouse' study, the majority of neural crest cells are lineage-restricted at the analyzed stage.
What is a key characteristic of p75/Sox10-positive neural crest-derived cells found in adult skin, as identified through in vivo fate mapping?
What is a key characteristic of p75/Sox10-positive neural crest-derived cells found in adult skin, as identified through in vivo fate mapping?
Genetic cell fate mapping utilizes Wnt1-CreERT to trace ______ neural crest cells.
Genetic cell fate mapping utilizes Wnt1-CreERT to trace ______ neural crest cells.
Match the method with its corresponding application or outcome in neural crest cell research:
Match the method with its corresponding application or outcome in neural crest cell research:
What does the concept of 'sequential lineage-restriction events' in neural crest cell differentiation imply?
What does the concept of 'sequential lineage-restriction events' in neural crest cell differentiation imply?
Premigratory neural crest cells were understood to be lineage-restricted beginning in the 1980s.
Premigratory neural crest cells were understood to be lineage-restricted beginning in the 1980s.
What is the role of hormones, via estrogen-receptor, in the context of using Wnt1-CreERT?
What is the role of hormones, via estrogen-receptor, in the context of using Wnt1-CreERT?
Flashcards
Neural Crest Cells
Neural Crest Cells
Multipotent cells that give rise to diverse cell types including glia and melanocytes.
Schwann Cells
Schwann Cells
Glial cells that insulate peripheral nerves, derived from neural crest cells.
Fate vs. Potential
Fate vs. Potential
Fate refers to the specific type a cell becomes, while potential refers to various possible outcomes.
Cranial Neural Crest Cells
Cranial Neural Crest Cells
Signup and view all the flashcards
Environmental Signals
Environmental Signals
Signup and view all the flashcards
Multipotency
Multipotency
Signup and view all the flashcards
Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq)
Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Developmental trajectories
Developmental trajectories
Signup and view all the flashcards
Molecular heterogeneity
Molecular heterogeneity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neural Crest
Neural Crest
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neurulation
Neurulation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cranial Neural Crest
Cranial Neural Crest
Signup and view all the flashcards
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Trunk Neural Crest
Trunk Neural Crest
Signup and view all the flashcards
Quail-Chick Chimeras
Quail-Chick Chimeras
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cre-recombinase-mediated mapping
Cre-recombinase-mediated mapping
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neural Crest Targets
Neural Crest Targets
Signup and view all the flashcards
Enteric Ganglia
Enteric Ganglia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neural Crest Stem Cells (NCSCs)
Neural Crest Stem Cells (NCSCs)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Clonal Analysis
Clonal Analysis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Premigratory Neural Crest Cells
Premigratory Neural Crest Cells
Signup and view all the flashcards
Migratory Neural Crest Cells
Migratory Neural Crest Cells
Signup and view all the flashcards
Confetti Mice
Confetti Mice
Signup and view all the flashcards
Wnt1-CreERT
Wnt1-CreERT
Signup and view all the flashcards
Lineage-Restricted Cells
Lineage-Restricted Cells
Signup and view all the flashcards
Quantitative Analysis of Clones
Quantitative Analysis of Clones
Signup and view all the flashcards
Surface Protein Identification
Surface Protein Identification
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cre-recombinase
Cre-recombinase
Signup and view all the flashcards
LoxP sites
LoxP sites
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cre-recombinase mouse
Cre-recombinase mouse
Signup and view all the flashcards
Tissue-specific promoter
Tissue-specific promoter
Signup and view all the flashcards
Wnt1 expression
Wnt1 expression
Signup and view all the flashcards
Basket Cells
Basket Cells
Signup and view all the flashcards
Rosette Synapses
Rosette Synapses
Signup and view all the flashcards
Glial Guided Locomotion
Glial Guided Locomotion
Signup and view all the flashcards
Tangential Migration (Cortex)
Tangential Migration (Cortex)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Tangential Migration (Cerebellum)
Tangential Migration (Cerebellum)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neural Crest Cells (NCC)
Neural Crest Cells (NCC)
Signup and view all the flashcards
NCC Migration
NCC Migration
Signup and view all the flashcards
CD271/p75NTR
CD271/p75NTR
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sox10
Sox10
Signup and view all the flashcards
NCSC Self-Renewal and Multipotency
NCSC Self-Renewal and Multipotency
Signup and view all the flashcards
Wnt1, BMP2, and TGFβ
Wnt1, BMP2, and TGFβ
Signup and view all the flashcards
Wnt1/BMP2 Combination
Wnt1/BMP2 Combination
Signup and view all the flashcards
Prospective Identification
Prospective Identification
Signup and view all the flashcards
In Vitro/In Vivo Relevance
In Vitro/In Vivo Relevance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neural Crest Derivatives (Neural)
Neural Crest Derivatives (Neural)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neural Crest Derivatives (Non-Neural)
Neural Crest Derivatives (Non-Neural)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fate vs. Potential (NCCs)
Fate vs. Potential (NCCs)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Selective Effect (Cell Fate)
Selective Effect (Cell Fate)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Instructive Effect (Cell Fate)
Instructive Effect (Cell Fate)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neural Crest Cell Culture System
Neural Crest Cell Culture System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Analyzing Cultured Neural Crest Cells
Analyzing Cultured Neural Crest Cells
Signup and view all the flashcards
In vivo Neural Crest Cell Labeling
In vivo Neural Crest Cell Labeling
Signup and view all the flashcards
Confetti Mouse
Confetti Mouse
Signup and view all the flashcards
Tracing Premigratory Wnt1-CreERT
Tracing Premigratory Wnt1-CreERT
Signup and view all the flashcards
Molecular Heterogeneity in NC cells
Molecular Heterogeneity in NC cells
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sequential Lineage-Restriction
Sequential Lineage-Restriction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Adult Neural Crest Stem Cells
Adult Neural Crest Stem Cells
Signup and view all the flashcards
p75/Sox10+ Adult Skin Cells
p75/Sox10+ Adult Skin Cells
Signup and view all the flashcards
Self-Renewal in Adult Skin Cells
Self-Renewal in Adult Skin Cells
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Neural Crest Development
- Neural crest cells are a highly migratory population in vertebrate embryos.
- They emerge during neurulation at the dorsal part of the closing neural tube.
- These cells are a model system for studying stem cell biology.
- Neural crest cells give rise to diverse structures in the body, including parts of the peripheral nervous system, pigment cells, smooth muscles in the heart, craniofacial bones and cartilage.
Neurulation
- Neurulation is a process that occurs between 19-23 days of development.
- Key structures involved include the neural plate, primitive streak, primitive node, neural groove, somites, amnion, and neural folds.
Generation of Neural Crest Cells during Neurulation
- Neural crest cells arise from the neural folds.
- The neural plate folds to form the neural tube.
- Neural crest cells are located between the neural tube and the ectoderm.
- Notochord is a critical structure in inducing the formation of the neural tube.
- Somites develop from mesoderm alongside the neural tube.
The Neural Crest as a Model System to Study Stem Cell Biology
- Neural crest cells are highly migratory, meaning they are not fixed in one location.
- They undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during their development.
- This transition allows them to migrate to different parts of the embryo.
The Neural Crest
- Cranial, cardiac, vagal, and trunk neural crest cells are different regions of the neural crest.
- Neural crest cells migrate and differentiate into various tissues.
- These tissues include the craniofacial bones and cartilage, parts of the heart's outflow tract, and the peripheral nervous system.
Neural Crest Targets
- Neural crest cells can migrate and differentiate into various target tissues.
- Examples of structures formed by neural crest cells include pigment cells, pharyngeal apparatus, outflow tracts of the heart, enteric ganglia, sympathetic ganglia, and dorsal root ganglia.
Methods to Study Neural Crest Development
- Quail-chick chimeras are used to map cell derivatives.
- Cre-recombinase-mediated recombination in mice is used for in vivo cell mapping.
- In vivo fate mapping is used to trace the neural crest cells and their derivatives.
- Single cell RNA sequencing is powerful in addressing the cellular identities and developmental trajectories of neural crest cells.
- Confetti mice are used for single-cell genetic lineage tracing and reveal multipotency of neural crest cells.
Development of Multiple Cell Types
- Selective effect of a factor on a heterogeneous population of lineage-restricted cells.
- Instructive effect of a factor on a homogeneous population of multipotent stem cells.
The Neural Crest Culture System
- The neural crest culture system is used for clonal analysis of neural crest stem cells in vitro.
In vivo Tracing of Neural Crest Cells
- Quantitative analysis of clones spread over a defined segment of the trunk.
- Quantitative analysis is used to examine rare color clones at low clonal density in neural crest cells in vivo.
Tracing premigratory (Wnt1-CreERT)
- Wnt1-CreERT is used to trace premigratory neural crest cells.
Tracing neural crest cells using confetti mice
- Confetti mice can trace and study neural crest cells in vivo.
Addressing Multipotency in vivo
- Studying the multipotency of neural crest cells in vivo using multicolor Cre reporter "Confetti".
Quantitative analysis of clones
- Quantitative analysis of unicolored clones in neural crest cells in vivo.
Neural Crest Cells in vivo
- In vivo, neural crest cells exist as multipotent or restricted heterogeneous.
Cranial Neural Crest Cells
- Cranial neural crest cells give rise to distinct structures.
- These structures include the frontal and nasal bones, the zygomatic, maxillary, and dentary bones, the squamosal, alisphenoid, malleus, and incus, and the hyoid bone.
Early derivatives of neural crest cells
- Early derivatives of neural crest cells include Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) associated with peripheral axons.
- These precursors interact with axons, extracellular components and the basal lamina at the level of the peripheral axon.
- Fate mapping reveals that SCPs have a potential that is as broad as that of migratory neural crest cells.
In vivo NCC Differentiation
- In vivo NCCs differentiate according to their axial position.
- The fates of neural crest cells are influenced by new environmental signals / axial positions.
Neural Crest-Derived Cells with Stem Cell Features
- These cells persist in adult structures and analogy to other stem cells.
- Prospectively identified p75/Sox10-positive neural crest-derived cells in adult skin display self-renewal capacity and multipotency.
- Derived cells in adult skin can differentiate into neurons, glia, smooth muscle, cartilage, and melanocytes.
- These cells may play a role in physiological homeostasis and regeneration, such as wound healing.
- They may also be involved in the initiation of tumors derived from neural crest structures, for example, neuroblastoma or melanoma.
Tumors hijacking embryonic programs
- Neural crest stem cells states in melanoma.
- Melanoma cells hijack embryonic programs.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.