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Questions and Answers
What is the main factor in controlling reproduction in most mammals?
What is the main factor in controlling reproduction in most mammals?
- Season
- Melatonin production
- Activity of the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis
- Day length (correct)
Which hormone is produced by hypothalamic neurons to stimulate production of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gonadotropes?
Which hormone is produced by hypothalamic neurons to stimulate production of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gonadotropes?
- Melatonin
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) (correct)
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
What animal model is used to study Kallmann’s Syndrome, a genetic defect in GnRH production?
What animal model is used to study Kallmann’s Syndrome, a genetic defect in GnRH production?
- Wild-type mice
- Transgenic mice
- Hypogonadal (hpg) mice (correct)
- Albino mice
What disrupts the estrus cycle by affecting the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus and pituitary?
What disrupts the estrus cycle by affecting the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus and pituitary?
What regulates melatonin synthesis?
What regulates melatonin synthesis?
What is the genetic defect in Kallmann’s Syndrome?
What is the genetic defect in Kallmann’s Syndrome?
Which hormone affects the function and size of gonads?
Which hormone affects the function and size of gonads?
What controls seasonal reproduction in most mammals?
What controls seasonal reproduction in most mammals?
What stimulates the production of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gonadotropes?
What stimulates the production of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gonadotropes?
What is the primary site of expression for ACTH receptor-derived proopiomelanocortin (POMC)?
What is the primary site of expression for ACTH receptor-derived proopiomelanocortin (POMC)?
Which brain region regulates the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN)?
Which brain region regulates the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN)?
What effect does acute stress have on instrumental learning?
What effect does acute stress have on instrumental learning?
What is the consequence of chronic excess of glucocorticoids on the hippocampus?
What is the consequence of chronic excess of glucocorticoids on the hippocampus?
Which condition is characterized by under-activity of the stress axis and low glucocorticoid levels?
Which condition is characterized by under-activity of the stress axis and low glucocorticoid levels?
What is the impact of high stress levels in pregnant women on the developing fetus?
What is the impact of high stress levels in pregnant women on the developing fetus?
What effect does mild postnatal stress have on adult animals?
What effect does mild postnatal stress have on adult animals?
What is the consequence of chronic excess of glucocorticoids on the brain?
What is the consequence of chronic excess of glucocorticoids on the brain?
What is the role of cortisol during pregnancy?
What is the role of cortisol during pregnancy?
What is the impact of the stress system on brain plasticity and health?
What is the impact of the stress system on brain plasticity and health?
What is the effect of continuous exposure of pituitary to GnRH?
What is the effect of continuous exposure of pituitary to GnRH?
What are the stress mediators released by the adrenal glands?
What are the stress mediators released by the adrenal glands?
What is the role of cortisol in the body?
What is the role of cortisol in the body?
What is the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in mediating the stress response?
What is the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in mediating the stress response?
What are the factors causing alterations in ovarian function?
What are the factors causing alterations in ovarian function?
What is the feedback control of GnRH release influenced by?
What is the feedback control of GnRH release influenced by?
What does the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone and glucocorticoids by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis mediate?
What does the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone and glucocorticoids by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis mediate?
What influences the adaptive response to stress?
What influences the adaptive response to stress?
What is the role of glucocorticoids in the stress response?
What is the role of glucocorticoids in the stress response?
What are the receptors mediating stress widespread in?
What are the receptors mediating stress widespread in?
Study Notes
Neural Control of Physiological Systems (C144/244)
- Pulsatile stimulation of pituitary gonadotropes is crucial for normal LH/FSH secretion
- Continuous exposure of pituitary to GnRH leads to downregulation of GnRH receptors
- Feedback control of GnRH release involves hypothalamic regulation and pituitary feedback inhibition by estradiol and testosterone
- GnRH neurons receive connections from various brain regions and cues regarding nutrition status, exercise, thermogenesis, stress, and social cues
- Factors causing alterations in ovarian function include menopause, circadian rhythms, environmental and extraneous factors, and chronic stress
- Stress is an adaptive response to noxious stimuli and can be influenced by factors such as food deprivation, sleep deprivation, emotions, exercise, and temperature changes
- The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis mediates the stress response, involving the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone and glucocorticoids
- Adrenal glands release stress mediators including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, as well as catecholamines from the adrenal medulla
- Glucocorticoids such as cortisol mobilize energy, modulate immune function, and interact with hormones of other systems
- Feedback inhibition of the CRH axis by corticosteroids occurs at multiple levels to turn off the stress response
- Receptors mediating stress, such as CRH receptors and glucocorticoid receptors, are widespread in the CNS and outside the brain
- Neural Control of Physiological Systems involves complex interactions and feedback mechanisms that regulate stress and reproductive functions
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Description
Test your knowledge of the neural control of physiological systems with this quiz. Explore the intricate mechanisms governing stress, reproductive functions, and the impact of various stimuli on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
