Neural Control of Physiological Systems Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main factor in controlling reproduction in most mammals?

Day length

Which hormone is produced by hypothalamic neurons to stimulate production of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gonadotropes?

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

What animal model is used to study Kallmann’s Syndrome, a genetic defect in GnRH production?

Hypogonadal (hpg) mice

What disrupts the estrus cycle by affecting the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus and pituitary?

Ablation of SCN Signup and view all the answers

What regulates melatonin synthesis?

Photoperiodicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic defect in Kallmann’s Syndrome?

Defect in GnRH production Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone affects the function and size of gonads?

Melatonin Signup and view all the answers

What controls seasonal reproduction in most mammals?

Day length Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the production of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gonadotropes?

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of expression for ACTH receptor-derived proopiomelanocortin (POMC)?

Adrenal cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region regulates the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN)?

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does acute stress have on instrumental learning?

Interferes with learning Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of chronic excess of glucocorticoids on the hippocampus?

Damage to CA3 cells Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by under-activity of the stress axis and low glucocorticoid levels?

Addison’s disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of high stress levels in pregnant women on the developing fetus?

Increased risk of physical and behavioral problems in babies Signup and view all the answers

What effect does mild postnatal stress have on adult animals?

Reduces anxiety in adulthood Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of chronic excess of glucocorticoids on the brain?

Damage to hippocampal neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cortisol during pregnancy?

Plays an important role in fetal development Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of the stress system on brain plasticity and health?

Mild stress can enhance brain plasticity and health Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of continuous exposure of pituitary to GnRH?

Downregulation of GnRH receptors Signup and view all the answers

What are the stress mediators released by the adrenal glands?

Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cortisol in the body?

Mobilize energy and modulate immune function Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in mediating the stress response?

Involving the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone and glucocorticoids Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors causing alterations in ovarian function?

Menopause, circadian rhythms, environmental and extraneous factors, and chronic stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the feedback control of GnRH release influenced by?

Hypothalamic regulation and pituitary feedback inhibition by estradiol and testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What does the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone and glucocorticoids by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis mediate?

The stress response Signup and view all the answers

What influences the adaptive response to stress?

Factors such as food deprivation, sleep deprivation, emotions, exercise, and temperature changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucocorticoids in the stress response?

Mobilize energy, modulate immune function, and interact with hormones of other systems Signup and view all the answers

What are the receptors mediating stress widespread in?

The CNS and outside the brain Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Neural Control of Physiological Systems (C144/244)

Pulsatile stimulation of pituitary gonadotropes is crucial for normal LH/FSH secretion
Continuous exposure of pituitary to GnRH leads to downregulation of GnRH receptors
Feedback control of GnRH release involves hypothalamic regulation and pituitary feedback inhibition by estradiol and testosterone
GnRH neurons receive connections from various brain regions and cues regarding nutrition status, exercise, thermogenesis, stress, and social cues
Factors causing alterations in ovarian function include menopause, circadian rhythms, environmental and extraneous factors, and chronic stress
Stress is an adaptive response to noxious stimuli and can be influenced by factors such as food deprivation, sleep deprivation, emotions, exercise, and temperature changes
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis mediates the stress response, involving the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone and glucocorticoids
Adrenal glands release stress mediators including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, as well as catecholamines from the adrenal medulla
Glucocorticoids such as cortisol mobilize energy, modulate immune function, and interact with hormones of other systems
Feedback inhibition of the CRH axis by corticosteroids occurs at multiple levels to turn off the stress response
Receptors mediating stress, such as CRH receptors and glucocorticoid receptors, are widespread in the CNS and outside the brain
Neural Control of Physiological Systems involves complex interactions and feedback mechanisms that regulate stress and reproductive functions