Podcast
Questions and Answers
What did Hans Selye coin the word 'STRESS' to describe?
What did Hans Selye coin the word 'STRESS' to describe?
- The specific response of the body to disease
- The mental response of the body to psychological demands
- The non-specific response of the body to any demand (correct)
- The specific response of the body to physical demands
Which of the following is not a short latency response to stress?
Which of the following is not a short latency response to stress?
- Heart acceleration
- Dilation of blood vessels in GI tract and skin (correct)
- Sweating
- Increase in blood pressure
What is the role of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in the stress response?
What is the role of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in the stress response?
- To stimulate release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- To regulate sodium and potassium balance
- To release corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (correct)
- To release aldosterone
Which of the following is released by the adrenal cortex as a stress mediator?
Which of the following is released by the adrenal cortex as a stress mediator?
What do mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, released by the adrenal cortex regulate?
What do mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, released by the adrenal cortex regulate?
Which of the following is not a factor affecting the stress response?
Which of the following is not a factor affecting the stress response?
What does the acronym ACTH stand for in the context of stress response?
What does the acronym ACTH stand for in the context of stress response?
What is the primary role of the parvicellular part of the PVN in the stress response?
What is the primary role of the parvicellular part of the PVN in the stress response?
What is the effect of stress on blood vessels in skeletal muscle?
What is the effect of stress on blood vessels in skeletal muscle?
What is the physiological response to stress in the 'Fight or Flight Reaction'?
What is the physiological response to stress in the 'Fight or Flight Reaction'?
What does the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus stimulate?
What does the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus stimulate?
What is the effect of stress on blood vessels in the GI tract and skin?
What is the effect of stress on blood vessels in the GI tract and skin?
What is the primary role of glucocorticoids in coordinating with the autonomic nervous system (ANS) during stress?
What is the primary role of glucocorticoids in coordinating with the autonomic nervous system (ANS) during stress?
What is the effect of excessive glucocorticoids on the brain and behavior?
What is the effect of excessive glucocorticoids on the brain and behavior?
What health consequences can result from disruptions in stress homeostasis?
What health consequences can result from disruptions in stress homeostasis?
What are the symptoms of Addison's disease, characterized by low glucocorticoids?
What are the symptoms of Addison's disease, characterized by low glucocorticoids?
What are the consequences of Cushing's disease, involving oversecretion of cortisol?
What are the consequences of Cushing's disease, involving oversecretion of cortisol?
At what age does the development of the adrenal gland start?
At what age does the development of the adrenal gland start?
What role do cortisol levels during pregnancy play in fetal development?
What role do cortisol levels during pregnancy play in fetal development?
What are the effects of stress hormones on learning and memory?
What are the effects of stress hormones on learning and memory?
What is the diurnal pattern of stress hormone levels?
What is the diurnal pattern of stress hormone levels?
How do stress receptors in the CNS and outside the brain affect stress regulation and learning?
How do stress receptors in the CNS and outside the brain affect stress regulation and learning?
What do glucocorticoids do to immune function?
What do glucocorticoids do to immune function?
What is the role of the adrenal medulla in the stress response?
What is the role of the adrenal medulla in the stress response?
Study Notes
Neural Control of Physiological Systems
- Adrenal medulla, innervated by SNS, releases catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine), potentiating the stress response
- Glucocorticoids (cortisol/corticosterone) coordinate with ANS to mobilize energy, prepare for defense, elevate heart rate and blood pressure
- Glucocorticoids modulate immune function, interact with hormones of other systems, and exhibit negative feedback on the CRH axis
- Receptors mediating stress are widespread in the CNS and outside the brain, affecting stress regulation and learning
- Stress hormones exhibit pulsatile and circadian cycles, with highest glucocorticoid levels in the morning
- Stress interacts with learning and memory, affecting motivation, attention, and memory formation
- Both excessive and insufficient glucocorticoids can damage the brain, impact fetal development, and affect adult behavior and brain plasticity
- Disruptions in stress homeostasis can lead to health consequences, including Alzheimer's, mental illness, inflammation, and insulin-resistant diabetes
- Addison's disease, characterized by low glucocorticoids, leads to fatigue, muscle weakness, and psychological symptoms
- Cushing's disease, involving oversecretion of cortisol, leads to immune compromise, increased appetite, diabetes risk, high blood pressure, and fat distribution changes
- Development of the adrenal gland starts at 20-25 days of age, with diurnal rhythm not established until 6 months postnatal, making babies highly susceptible to stress
- Cortisol levels during pregnancy play a crucial role in fetal development, and high maternal stress is linked to adverse physical, developmental, and behavioral outcomes in babies
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Description
Test your knowledge of the neural control of physiological systems with this quiz. Explore topics such as the adrenal medulla, glucocorticoids, stress response, and their impact on health and development. Gain insights into the intricate relationship between stress hormones and the body's functioning.
