Neural Control and Coordination
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Neural Control and Coordination

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Questions and Answers

What is the electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane at the site of excitation called?

  • Nerve signal
  • Resting potential
  • Action potential (correct)
  • Impulse potential

    • The outer surface of the membrane becomes positively charged during depolarization.

    False

    What type of synapse allows for electrical current to flow directly between neurons?

    Electrical synapse

    After Na+ influx, the membrane quickly becomes permeable to ______ which helps restore the resting potential.

    <p>K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Action potential = The electrical potential difference during excitation Synapse = Junction between two neurons Resting potential = The polarization state of an inactive neuron Chemical synapse = Type of synapse that uses neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding action potentials?

    <p>They lead to a change in membrane polarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the sodium-potassium pump in axons?

    <p>To transport Na+ and K+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inner surface of the axonal membrane becomes positively charged during resting potential.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrical synapses facilitate slower transmission than chemical synapses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the gap that may separate the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons?

    <p>Synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electrical potential difference across the resting plasma membrane called?

    <p>resting potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fluid inside the axon has a high concentration of ______ and low concentration of Na+.

    <p>K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ions with their respective concentrations in the axon and outside the axon:

    <p>K+ = High inside the axon Na+ = High outside the axon Proteins = Negatively charged inside the axon Resting potential = Electrical difference across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the membrane at site A when a stimulus is applied?

    <p>It becomes freely permeable to Na+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concentration gradient across the resting membrane is a result of passive transport of ions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a stimulus is applied, the membrane becomes ______ to Na+ at the point of application.

    <p>permeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fluid-filled space between pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons called?

    <p>Synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft when the action potential reaches the post-synaptic neuron.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major parts of the brain?

    <p>Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The brain is covered by the ______ meninges.

    <p>cranial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their roles:

    <p>Cerebrum = Processing of vision, hearing, and memory Thalamus = Relay station for sensory information Hypothalamus = Regulation of hunger and thirst Cranial meninges = Protection of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the post-synaptic membrane?

    <p>They open ion channels allowing ion entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outer layer of the cranial meninges is known as the pia mater.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the brain play in thermoregulation?

    <p>The brain helps regulate body temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain contains centres that control respiration?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Pons is primarily responsible for controlling gastric secretions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Na+ in the generation of action potential?

    <p>Sodium ions (Na+) are critical for depolarizing the membrane, allowing the nerve impulse to propagate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _________ connects the cerebrum and spinal cord and contains centers for respiration.

    <p>medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Afferent neurons = Conduct impulses towards the central nervous system Efferent neurons = Carry signals away from the central nervous system Myelinated axons = Have a myelin sheath for faster impulse conduction Unmyelinated axons = Conduct impulses slower than myelinated axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the association areas in the cerebral cortex?

    <p>Complex functions like memory and communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The corpus callosum connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major types of brain matter mentioned, and what distinguishes them?

    <p>Grey matter and white matter; grey matter is made up of neuron cell bodies and has a greyish appearance, while white matter contains myelinated axons and appears white.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___ is responsible for regulating body temperature, urge for eating, and drinking.

    <p>hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordination of sensory and motor signaling?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following brain structures with their functions:

    <p>Cerebellum = Coordination and balance Hippocampus = Memory formation Amygdala = Emotion regulation Medulla = Autonomic functions like breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The midbrain contains the cerebral aqueduct.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere is called the ___ cortex.

    <p>cerebral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Membrane Potential

    • Resting membrane potential: The electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane of a neuron at rest.
    • Depolarization: The outer surface of the membrane becomes positively charged during depolarization, while the inner surface becomes negatively charged.
    • Action potential: The electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane at the site of excitation.
    • Sodium-potassium pump: Maintains the concentration gradients of sodium and potassium ions across the axonal membrane.
    • Sodium (Na+) influx: Increases the membrane permeability to potassium (K+) ions, helping restore the resting potential.

    Synaptic Transmission

    • Electrical synapse: Allows direct flow of electrical current between neurons through gap junctions.
    • Chemical synapse: Involves the release of neurotransmitters from the pre-synaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft.
    • Synaptic cleft: The gap that separates the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons.

    Brain Structures

    • Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions like learning, memory, and voluntary movements.
    • Brain stem: Connects the cerebrum and spinal cord, contains centers for respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.
    • Cerebellum: The structure responsible for coordination of sensory and motor signaling.
    • Pons: Connects the cerebrum to the cerebellum, contains centers for respiration and sleep-wake cycles.
    • Midbrain: The part of the brain stem that connects the forebrain and hindbrain, contains the cerebral aqueduct.
    • Hypothalamus: A structure in the diencephalon, responsible for regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep-wake cycles.

    Brain Components

    • Meninges: Protective layers of tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord:
      • Dura mater: The outermost layer.
      • Arachnoid mater: The middle layer.
      • Pia mater: The innermost layer.

    Cerebral Cortex

    • Cerebral cortex: The outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres, responsible for higher-level cognitive functions.
    • Association areas: In the cerebral cortex, responsible for integrating sensory information and coordinating complex behaviors.
    • Corpus callosum: A band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, enabling communication between them.

    Brain Tissue

    • Gray matter: Mostly composed of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites.
    • White matter: Composed mainly of myelinated axons, responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the brain and spinal cord.

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    Related Documents

    NCERT Textbook Neural Control & Coordination PDF

    Description

    This quiz examines the mechanisms of neural control and coordination, focusing on the processes involved in the resting potential and action potential in neurons. Test your understanding of ion concentration gradients, the role of the sodium-potassium pump, and the significance of depolarization in neural signaling.

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