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Questions and Answers
What is the electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane at the site of excitation called?
What is the electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane at the site of excitation called?
The outer surface of the membrane becomes positively charged during depolarization.
The outer surface of the membrane becomes positively charged during depolarization.
False
What type of synapse allows for electrical current to flow directly between neurons?
What type of synapse allows for electrical current to flow directly between neurons?
Electrical synapse
After Na+ influx, the membrane quickly becomes permeable to ______ which helps restore the resting potential.
After Na+ influx, the membrane quickly becomes permeable to ______ which helps restore the resting potential.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following statements is true regarding action potentials?
Which of the following statements is true regarding action potentials?
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What is the primary purpose of the sodium-potassium pump in axons?
What is the primary purpose of the sodium-potassium pump in axons?
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The inner surface of the axonal membrane becomes positively charged during resting potential.
The inner surface of the axonal membrane becomes positively charged during resting potential.
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Electrical synapses facilitate slower transmission than chemical synapses.
Electrical synapses facilitate slower transmission than chemical synapses.
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What is the name of the gap that may separate the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons?
What is the name of the gap that may separate the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons?
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What is the electrical potential difference across the resting plasma membrane called?
What is the electrical potential difference across the resting plasma membrane called?
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The fluid inside the axon has a high concentration of ______ and low concentration of Na+.
The fluid inside the axon has a high concentration of ______ and low concentration of Na+.
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Match the following ions with their respective concentrations in the axon and outside the axon:
Match the following ions with their respective concentrations in the axon and outside the axon:
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What happens to the membrane at site A when a stimulus is applied?
What happens to the membrane at site A when a stimulus is applied?
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The concentration gradient across the resting membrane is a result of passive transport of ions.
The concentration gradient across the resting membrane is a result of passive transport of ions.
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When a stimulus is applied, the membrane becomes ______ to Na+ at the point of application.
When a stimulus is applied, the membrane becomes ______ to Na+ at the point of application.
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What is the fluid-filled space between pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons called?
What is the fluid-filled space between pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons called?
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Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft when the action potential reaches the post-synaptic neuron.
Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft when the action potential reaches the post-synaptic neuron.
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What are the three major parts of the brain?
What are the three major parts of the brain?
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The brain is covered by the ______ meninges.
The brain is covered by the ______ meninges.
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Match the following components with their roles:
Match the following components with their roles:
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What happens when neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the post-synaptic membrane?
What happens when neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the post-synaptic membrane?
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The outer layer of the cranial meninges is known as the pia mater.
The outer layer of the cranial meninges is known as the pia mater.
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What role does the brain play in thermoregulation?
What role does the brain play in thermoregulation?
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Which part of the brain contains centres that control respiration?
Which part of the brain contains centres that control respiration?
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The Pons is primarily responsible for controlling gastric secretions.
The Pons is primarily responsible for controlling gastric secretions.
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What is the role of Na+ in the generation of action potential?
What is the role of Na+ in the generation of action potential?
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The _________ connects the cerebrum and spinal cord and contains centers for respiration.
The _________ connects the cerebrum and spinal cord and contains centers for respiration.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is the primary function of the association areas in the cerebral cortex?
What is the primary function of the association areas in the cerebral cortex?
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The corpus callosum connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
The corpus callosum connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
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What are the two major types of brain matter mentioned, and what distinguishes them?
What are the two major types of brain matter mentioned, and what distinguishes them?
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The ___ is responsible for regulating body temperature, urge for eating, and drinking.
The ___ is responsible for regulating body temperature, urge for eating, and drinking.
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Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordination of sensory and motor signaling?
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordination of sensory and motor signaling?
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Match the following brain structures with their functions:
Match the following brain structures with their functions:
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The midbrain contains the cerebral aqueduct.
The midbrain contains the cerebral aqueduct.
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The outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere is called the ___ cortex.
The outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere is called the ___ cortex.
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Study Notes
Membrane Potential
- Resting membrane potential: The electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane of a neuron at rest.
- Depolarization: The outer surface of the membrane becomes positively charged during depolarization, while the inner surface becomes negatively charged.
- Action potential: The electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane at the site of excitation.
- Sodium-potassium pump: Maintains the concentration gradients of sodium and potassium ions across the axonal membrane.
- Sodium (Na+) influx: Increases the membrane permeability to potassium (K+) ions, helping restore the resting potential.
Synaptic Transmission
- Electrical synapse: Allows direct flow of electrical current between neurons through gap junctions.
- Chemical synapse: Involves the release of neurotransmitters from the pre-synaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft.
- Synaptic cleft: The gap that separates the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons.
Brain Structures
- Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions like learning, memory, and voluntary movements.
- Brain stem: Connects the cerebrum and spinal cord, contains centers for respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.
- Cerebellum: The structure responsible for coordination of sensory and motor signaling.
- Pons: Connects the cerebrum to the cerebellum, contains centers for respiration and sleep-wake cycles.
- Midbrain: The part of the brain stem that connects the forebrain and hindbrain, contains the cerebral aqueduct.
- Hypothalamus: A structure in the diencephalon, responsible for regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep-wake cycles.
Brain Components
-
Meninges: Protective layers of tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord:
- Dura mater: The outermost layer.
- Arachnoid mater: The middle layer.
- Pia mater: The innermost layer.
Cerebral Cortex
- Cerebral cortex: The outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres, responsible for higher-level cognitive functions.
- Association areas: In the cerebral cortex, responsible for integrating sensory information and coordinating complex behaviors.
- Corpus callosum: A band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, enabling communication between them.
Brain Tissue
- Gray matter: Mostly composed of neuronal cell bodies and dendrites.
- White matter: Composed mainly of myelinated axons, responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the brain and spinal cord.
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Description
This quiz examines the mechanisms of neural control and coordination, focusing on the processes involved in the resting potential and action potential in neurons. Test your understanding of ion concentration gradients, the role of the sodium-potassium pump, and the significance of depolarization in neural signaling.
