Networks: Overview and Types

What is a Network?

• A network connects computers and devices to share information.

Reasons for Having a Network

• Sharing resources like printers and files.
• Enhanced communication and collaboration.
• Centralized data storage and management.

Disadvantages of Having a Network

• Security risks, like unauthorized access.
• Dependence on network infrastructure.
• Costs associated with setup and maintenance.

Components of a Network

• Network interface card (NIC) for connecting to a network.
• Cables or wireless signals for transmitting data.
• Hubs, switches, and routers for managing data flow.
• Network operating system (NOS) for managing network resources.

Types of Networks

• Local Area Network (LAN) connects devices within a small area, like a home or office.
• Wide Area Network (WAN) connects devices across a large geographical area, like a country or the world.

Client-Server vs. Peer-to-Peer

• Client-server networks have a central server managing resources, while clients access them.
• Peer-to-peer networks allow devices to share resources directly with each other.

Access Control When Logging into a Network

• Access control uses passwords and permissions to restrict access to sensitive information.

Applications to Facilitate E-communication

• Email for sending and receiving digital messages.
• Instant messaging for real-time conversations.
• Video conferencing for virtual meetings.

Practical Use of E-mail

• Sending assignments to teachers and communicating with classmates.

What is the Internet?

• A global network connecting computers worldwide for sharing information.

What is Needed to Connect to the Internet?

• A computer or mobile device.
• An internet service provider (ISP) for access.
• A modem or router for connecting to the internet.

The World Wide Web

• Part of the internet containing websites, pages, and web addresses.

Introduction to Web Page Technology

• Creating and displaying content on the internet using HTML.

What is a Web Page?

• A single document viewed in a web browser.

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

• Code used to create web pages, determining how text, images, and links are displayed.

Basic Formatting Tags

• <h1> for large heading.
• <p> for paragraph.
• <img> for inserting images.

Characteristics of a Well-Designed Web Page

• Visually appealing layout.
• Easy navigation.
• Accessible and responsive on various devices.

Number Systems

• Binary (base-2) uses 0s and 1s for representing data.
• Decimal (base-10) uses digits 0-9 for everyday calculations.

Data Storage

• How computers store information using storage devices like hard drives and cloud storage.

Introduction to File Management

• Organizing and storing digital files on a computer.

The File Manager

• Tool for managing files, similar to a digital filing cabinet.

Files: The Basic Unit of Storage

• Collections of data stored together, like documents, pictures, or videos.

The Need to Organize

• Making files easier to find and access.

EULAs, Copyright, and Piracy

• End User License Agreements (EULAs) grant permission to use software.
• Copyright protects intellectual property, including software and music.
• Piracy involves illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted materials.

Ergonomics and Health Issues

• Designing workspaces to promote comfort and prevent injuries when using computers.

The Need for Green Computing

• Reducing the environmental impact of technology through recycling and energy-efficient practices.

The Impact of Global E-Communication

• Connecting people worldwide but also presenting cultural differences and digital divides.

Viruses

• Malicious programs that damage computers.

Computer Worms

• Programs that spread across networks, replicating themselves.

Trojans

• Programs disguised as useful software but contain harmful code.

Spyware

• Programs that secretly monitor computer activity.

Adware

• Programs that display unwanted advertisements.

Spam

• Unsolicited bulk email messages.

Hoaxes and Scams

• Deceptive messages intended to trick people or steal information.

Phishing

• Impersonating a trustworthy source to steal information.

Pharming

• Redirecting users to fake websites to steal information.

Email Spoofing

• Sending emails that appear to be from a different sender.

Guidelines for Using the Internet and Email with Courtesy and Safety

• Be mindful of privacy settings.
• Use strong passwords.
• Be cautious of suspicious messages.

Connectors on a Computer

• Ports and cables that connect devices to a computer, including:
  • USB ports for connecting various devices like keyboards, mice, and flash drives.
  • HDMI for connecting to displays.
  • Ethernet for wired network connections.
  • Audio jacks for connecting speakers, headphones, and microphones.
  • Power connectors for supplying electricity.