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What does MAC stand for in networking terminologies?
The Start Frame Delimiter (SFD) is 7 bytes long.
False
What is the purpose of the preamble in an Ethernet frame?
Synchronization of receiver clocks
A Crossover connection is typically used to connect two __________ devices.
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Match each term with its corresponding description:
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Which frame size qualifies as a Giant?
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The loopback address range is from 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255.
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What is the minimum length of an IPv4 header in bytes?
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Frames that failed the CRC check are referred to as ______.
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Match the following IPv4 Header fields with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Network Terminologies
- LAN: Local Area Network, a network covering a small geographic area.
- VLAN: Virtual Local Area Network, a logical subgroup within a LAN for network segmentation.
- SFD: Start Frame Delimiter, a 1-byte sequence (10101011) used to signal the start of an Ethernet frame.
- FCS: Frame Check Sequence, error-checking mechanism in Ethernet frames.
- MAC: Media Access Control, a 6-byte (48-bit) physical address unique to network devices.
- BIA: Burned-In Address, the MAC address permanently programmed into a device.
- OUI: Organizationally Unique Identifier, identifies manufacturer of the device's MAC address.
- CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check, used for error-checking data integrity.
- ARP: Address Resolution Protocol, used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses.
- CSMA/CD: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection, protocol for network access.
- DSCP: Differentiated Services Code Point, used for QoS prioritization.
- QoS: Quality of Service, improves performance of specific applications on the network.
- ECN: Explicit Congestion Notification, indicates network congestion without dropping packets.
- TTL: Time to Live, limits the lifespan of data in a network.
- IHL: Internet Header Length, specifies the length of the IPv4 header.
- TCP/UDP: Transmission Control Protocol / User Datagram Protocol, protocols for data transmission.
- ISL: Inter-Switch Link, a Cisco proprietary protocol for VLAN tagging.
Ethernet LAN Switching
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Connection Types:
- Straight Through: Connects switch to router, PC, or server.
- Crossover: Connects switch to switch, hub to hub, or PC to PC.
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Ethernet Frame Structure:
- Preamble: 7-byte pattern for synchronization.
- SFD: Marks the end of the preamble.
- Destination & Source Address: Contains MAC addresses of sending and receiving devices.
- Type or Length: Indicates the type of encapsulated packet or its length.
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Frame Issues:
- Runts: Frames smaller than 64 bytes.
- Giants: Frames larger than 1518 bytes.
- CRC Error: Frames that fail FCS error check.
IPv4 Addressing
- Network Layer Functions: Connectivity, logical addressing (IP), and path selection via routers.
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Routing Types:
- Dynamic Routing: Automatically shares routing info using protocols (e.g., OSPF).
- Static Routing: Manually configured routes by an administrator.
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Address Types:
- Network Address: All 0s in host portion, cannot be assigned.
- Broadcast Address: All 1s in host portion, cannot be assigned.
- Loopback Address: 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 used for testing.
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IPv4 Header Specifications:
- IHL: Ranges from 20 to 60 bytes; minimum value is 5.
- DSCP & ECN fields: For QoS and congestion notification.
- Total Length: Indicates packet size ranging from 20 to 65,535 bytes.
- Identification Field: Used for fragment identification.
- Flag Field: Controls fragmentation behavior.
- TTL Field: Prevents infinite loops; default is typically 64.
- Protocol Field: Defines encapsulated protocol (TCP #6, UDP #17).
- Checksum Field: Verifies header integrity.
- Source & Destination Addresses: Indicate packet sender and intended recipient.
Routing
- Definition of Routing: The process for determining the best path for IP packets to reach their destination.
- Routing Table: Contains routes to known destinations.
- Next Hop: The next router along the path to the destination.
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Routing Codes:
- L: Local route (the router’s own address).
- C: Connected route (network interface connection).
- Default Gateway: Configured as 0.0.0.0/0, used when no specific routes exist.
VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)
- Definition of VLAN: A logical grouping of devices within a broadcast domain for segmentation.
- Broadcast Domain: Group of devices receiving broadcast frames; excessive broadcasts can impair performance.
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Port Types:
- Access Port: Connects to a single VLAN and end devices.
- Trunk Port: Carries multiple VLANs between switches, tagged for identification.
- VLAN Tagging: Allows switches to manage traffic for different VLANs on a single link.
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Trunking Protocols:
- ISL: Older Cisco proprietary protocol for inter-switch VLAN communication.
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Description
Test your knowledge of essential networking terminologies with this quiz. From Local Area Networks to Quality of Service, challenge yourself on abbreviations and definitions necessary for understanding computer networks. Perfect for IT students and professionals alike!