Networking Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for defining how data is formatted, presented, and encrypted?

Transport Layer
Session Layer
Application Layer
Presentation Layer (correct)

Which of the following protocols operates at the Transport Layer of the TCP/IP model and provides reliable, connection-oriented communication?

IP
TCP (correct)
HTTP
UDP

Why was IPv6 developed, and what is its primary advantage over IPv4?

To provide better security; built-in encryption.
To overcome IPv4 address exhaustion; increased address space. (correct)
To simplify network configuration; dynamic address assignment.
To improve routing efficiency; larger header size.

Which IP address class is designed for very large networks and has the fewest available host addresses per network?

Class A (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Network Address Translation (NAT), and how does it benefit network security?

To allow private IP addresses to communicate with the internet; hides internal IP addresses from the public internet. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the IP address `127.0.0.1`, and how is it typically used?

It represents the loopback address; for testing network configurations on the local machine. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary benefit of implementing subnetting in a network?

Reduces network congestion and improves security by logically dividing the network. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a subnet mask in IP addressing, and how does it differentiate between the network and host portions of an IP address?

It divides the IP address; the subnet mask bits that are '1' represent the network portion, and the '0' bits represent the host portion. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), and what problem does it solve in IP addressing?

An addressing scheme; allows for more efficient allocation of IP addresses than classful addressing. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM), and how does it improve IP address allocation?

It allows different subnets to have different mask lengths; optimizing address allocation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a router in a computer network?

To forward data packets between different networks. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between static and dynamic routing, and what are the advantages of using dynamic routing protocols?

Static routing is manually configured; dynamic routing automatically learns and updates routing tables. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) used for routing within an autonomous system?

RIP (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a firewall in network security, and how does it protect a network from unauthorized access?

To control network access; filters incoming and outgoing traffic based on predefined rules. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)?

IDS monitors network traffic for malicious activity; IPS takes automated actions to block or prevent attacks. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Virtual Private Network (VPN), and how does it ensure secure communication over a public network?

To create a secure connection; encrypts data to protect it from eavesdropping. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of encryption in network security?

To convert data into an unreadable format; ensuring confidentiality. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is multi-factor authentication (MFA), and how does it enhance network security compared to single-factor authentication?

It uses multiple authentication factors; such as passwords, security tokens, or biometric data, for increased security. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is network segmentation, and why is it considered a security best practice?

It divides a network into smaller, isolated segments; limits the impact of security breaches. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common type of network attack that involves overwhelming a network or server with malicious traffic, making it unavailable to legitimate users?

Denial-of-service (DoS) attack (C) Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Network Protocols

Sets of rules that govern communication between devices on a network, defining how data is formatted, transmitted, and received.

TCP/IP

The foundation of the internet. It provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications.

HTTP

Used for web browsing; it defines how messages are formatted and transmitted on the World Wide Web.

DNS

Translates domain names (like google.com) to IP addresses, allowing users to access websites using names instead of numbers.