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Which of the following terms describes a network arrangement where five servers are connected to a hard disk array using a dedicated Fibre Channel network?
Which of the following is not a technology typically used for a personal area network (PAN)?
Which of the following network topologies are used by Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)? (Select all that apply)
Which cabling topology was used by the first Ethernet networks?
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On an Ethernet network using the star topology, which device(s) can function as the cabling nexus in the center of the star?
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Which of the following options would Alice find to be a valid upgrade path to Gigabit Ethernet?
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Which Ethernet physical layer specification can Ralph use for the new network to provide the fastest transmission speeds without replacing the cable?
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Which IEEE standards for Ethernet support 10-megabit-per-second (Mbps) communications?
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Which of the following implementations should Ed recommend to the client to upgrade the network infrastructure to the fastest Ethernet standard possible while keeping costs to a minimum?
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Which pinouts must Ralph use when creating the patch cables based on the T568B standard? White/orange, orange, white/green, blue, white/blue, ____, ____, ____
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Match the following IPv4 address classes:
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Dual stack implies a computer with connections to two different network segments.
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Which of the following technologies enables the IP addresses assigned to clients by a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server to be automatically added to the DNS namespace?
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Which of the following is a tool that integrates DHCP and DNS so that each is aware of the changes made by the other?
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Which of the following is the term used to describe the logical distance of a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server from the time source to which it is synchronized?
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Which of the following protocols is used to synchronize computer clocks to a time signal provided by a server?
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Which of the words in the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) www.paris.mydomain.org represents the topmost layer in the DNS namespace hierarchy?
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Which of the following Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) options prevents the client from transmitting IP datagrams that circulate endlessly around the network?
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In designing a network for a client, Ed has decided to use both internal and external DNS servers. Which of the following resources should Ed register with the external DNS server? (Choose all that apply.)
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How many subnets can he create, and how many hosts can he create per subnet?
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Convert the binary mask 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000 into its equivalent decimal value. What is the decimal representation of this mask?
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If you have an IPv4 network address of 192.168.1.32/27, what is the valid range of host addresses you can use for your workstations?
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Alice has been assigned the IPv4 network address 172.21.0.0/22 for the creation of a new department network in her company. How many host addresses does she have available to her?
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Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) assigns IPv4 addresses from which of the following classes to Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) clients that cannot contact a DHCP server?
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Which of the following Internet Protocol (IPv4) address classes identifies multicast addresses?
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Which of the following is an address that you can assign to a host on a private IPv4 network?
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Which of the following is the correct subnet mask for an IPv4 network with the address 172.16.0.0/20?
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Ed has been assigned the IPv4 network address 192.168.2.32/28 for the computers in his department. Which of the following ranges of addresses can Ed use to configure the TCP/IP clients on his computers?
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Which of the following IPv4 addresses is available for use on a network device?
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Which of the following IPv6 address types is the functional equivalent of an IPv4 APIPA address?
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When two workstations access the Internet using the same Port Address Translation (PAT) router, which of the following does the router assign to each workstation? (Choose all that apply)
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Which of the following are mechanisms by which IPv6 traffic can be transmitted on an IPv4 network through the use of tunneling? (Choose all that apply)
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Which of the following solutions best meets the client’s needs?
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Without knowing which LAN the severed cable belongs to, what is the maximum number of computers that could be directly affected by the cable break?
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In the punchdown process for Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable, which of the following is the last step that you perform when connecting bulk cables to jacks in wall plates and patch panels?
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Which of the following cable connector types is not used with fiber-optic cable?
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Which of the following twisted pair cable types can you use to construct a 10GBase-T network with 100-meter segments?
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Which of the following cable connector types have been rendered nearly obsolete by Universal Serial Bus (USB) connections?
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Which of the following twisted pair cable types is rated for both a 10-megabit-per-second (Mbps) data rate and a 100 Mbps data rate?
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Ed has been hired to install network cabling for a small private company with 15 employees who need to share files and printers. Which combination of topology, cable type, and installation method would best meet the needs of Ed’s client?
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Which of the following cable types are typically used in newly constructed Local Area Network (LAN) installations?
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Which of the following statements are true about coaxial cable?
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Which of the following twisted pair cable types are rated for 1000 megabit-per-second (Mbps) Gigabit Ethernet using two wire pairs?
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Which of the following twisted pair cable types support both 10-megabit-per-second (Mbps) and 100 Mbps data rates, using only two pairs?
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Which of the following statements about fiber-optic cabling are true?
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Which of the following are characteristics of an internal cable installation?
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Which of the following Ethernet specifications calls for CAT8 UTP cable exclusively?
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Ralph has been hired to connect three Local Area Networks (LANs) together with redundant paths that form a fault-tolerant backbone. Which topology, cable type, and installation method are best suited for this network?
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Alice is a network consultant evaluating a network design to support 20 workstations for an inventory database application. Which statement about the proposal is true?
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Ed is a network consultant designing a network for a new manufacturing plant. Which is not a valid reason for choosing fiber optic over UTP for this project?
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In the 100Base-TX specification, what are the functions of the Fast Link Pulse (FLP) signals exchanged by switches and network interface adapters?
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Which 10 Gigabit Ethernet specification calls for the use of copper cable?
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Alice is a network consultant upgrading an existing Ethernet network to Gigabit Ethernet. Which cable type is currently installed?
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At which of the following layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model do the protocols on a typical local area network (LAN) use media access control (MAC) addresses to identify other computers on the network?
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Which of the following organizations developed the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?
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Which of the following statements best describes the difference between Type I and Type II virtualization?
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On which of the following virtual networking components can you create VLANs?
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Which of the following components is responsible for providing a virtualized hardware environment and running virtual machines?
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Which of the following is the proper term for a computer with a hypervisor on which you can create virtual machines and other virtual components?
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In which of the following ways does a vSwitch (virtual switch) differ from a physical switch?
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In which of the following components can a virtual firewall be implemented?
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What is the valid range of numbers for the well-known Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ports used by servers?
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Which of the following new protocols should Ralph expect to see in his network traffic analysis after installing the new email server?
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Which of the following values could a web client use as an ephemeral port number when communicating with a web server?
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Which of the following protocols provides connection-oriented service with guaranteed delivery at the transport layer of the OSI model?
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Which of the following protocols is limited to use on the local subnet only?
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Which of the following prefixes must you use in the URL you type into a web browser when the website you want to access has been secured with Transport Layer Security (TLS)?
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What is the difference when you specify the HTTPS:// prefix in a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) instead of HTTP://?
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You want to access the web server application's administrative site from your remote office with an encrypted connection using port 12354. Which of the following URLs should you use?
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Which of the following protocols does IPsec use to digitally encrypt packets before transmitting them over the network?
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Which of the following are the protocols that IPsec uses to secure network traffic?
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Study Notes
OSI Model
- The OSI model is a 7-layered framework for designing and implementing computer networks
- The layers are:
- Physical (Layer 1): defines the medium, network interfaces, and signaling methods
- Data Link (Layer 2): controls the frame, provides error detection and correction
- Network (Layer 3): routes data between nodes, provides logical addressing
- Transport (Layer 4): provides reliable data transfer, segmentation, and flow control
- Session (Layer 5): establishes, manages, and terminates connections
- Presentation (Layer 6): translates data, provides encryption and compression
- Application (Layer 7): provides services to end-user applications
Network Topologies
- Bus: a single cable connects all devices in a linear sequence
- Star: all devices connect to a central hub or switch
- Ring: devices connect in a circular configuration
- Mesh: each device connects to every other device
- Hybrid: combines two or more topologies
Network Types
- WAN (Wide Area Network): connects multiple LANs over a large geographic area
- LAN (Local Area Network): connects devices in a limited geographic area
- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): connects multiple LANs in a metropolitan area
- PAN (Personal Area Network): connects devices in a small area, such as a home or office
- WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network): connects devices wirelessly in a LAN
Network Devices
- Hub: a simple network device that connects multiple devices
- Bridge: connects two networks together
- Switch: connects multiple devices, filters and forwards frames
- Router: connects multiple networks, routes data between them
Network Protocols
- TCP/IP: a suite of protocols used in the Internet
- IP: provides logical addressing and routing
- ICMP: provides error messaging and diagnostic functions
- IGMP: provides multicast group management
- HTTP: a protocol for transferring data over the Internet
Network Technologies
- DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): a technology for broadband Internet access
- SONET (Synchronous Optical Network): a high-speed network technology
- ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): a technology for digital communication
- ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line): a technology for broadband Internet access
- Cable television (CATV): a technology for broadband Internet access
Network Cabling
- Twisted pair: a type of cabling that uses twisted pairs of wires
- Coaxial: a type of cabling that uses a copper core surrounded by insulation
- Fiber optic: a type of cabling that uses light to transmit data
- Hybrid: combines two or more types of cabling
WAN Connection Technologies
- Leased line: a dedicated, point-to-point connection
- Dial-up: a connection that uses a modem to dial into a network
- ISDN: a technology for digital communication
- ADSL: a technology for broadband Internet access
- Cable television (CATV): a technology for broadband Internet access
Network Security
- Firewall: a device that controls access to a network
- VPN (Virtual Private Network): a secure, encrypted connection over the Internet
- Authentication: the process of verifying the identity of a user or device
- Encryption: the process of securing data by converting it into a code### Networking Fundamentals
Synchronous Data Transmissions
- SONET (Synchronous Optical Networking) is a standard for synchronous data transmissions that defines data rates designated by optical carrier levels, such as OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, and OC-192.
- SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is the European equivalent of SONET.
Wide Area Networking
- Frame relay is a wide area networking mechanism that assigns labels to packets and forwards them based on those labels, rather than addresses.
- MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) is a technology that can replace leased lines, such as T-1s, by multiplexing signals as packets switched through virtual circuits in a cloud.
- ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is a wide area networking technology that uses a switched fabric that was called a cloud long before the term came into general use.
Network Devices
- A CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit) is a device that provides the interface between a Local Area Network (LAN) and a Wide Area Network (WAN).
- A SIP trunk (Session Initiation Protocol trunk) is a device that provides a connection between a LAN and a WAN.
- A vSwitch (virtual switch) is a software product that enables virtual machines running on the same hypervisor to communicate with each other internally.
Virtual Networking
- Type I virtualization is a type of virtualization where the hypervisor runs directly on the physical computer hardware.
- Type II virtualization is a type of virtualization where a host operating system runs on the computer hardware and the hypervisor runs on top of the host OS.
- A virtual firewall can be implemented in a host operating system, a guest operating system, or in a dedicated virtual machine.
Network Topology
- Bus topology uses a single cable to connect all devices in a network.
- Star topology uses a central device, such as a hub or switch, to connect all devices in a network.
Cabling
- RG-8 is a type of coaxial cable used for Thick Ethernet network segments.
- RG-58 is a type of coaxial cable used for Thin Ethernet network segments.
- Twisted pair cable is used for Gigabit Ethernet networks and is configured in a star topology.
- Fiber-optic cable is used for single-mode and multimode fiber-optic networks.
- UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cable is a type of twisted pair cable that is commonly used for Ethernet networks.
Connectors
- RJ-45 is a type of connector used for twisted pair cable.
- BNC is a type of connector used for coaxial cable.
- ST is a type of connector used for fiber-optic cable.
- SC is a type of connector used for fiber-optic cable.
- F-type is a type of connector used for coaxial cable.
Network Installation
- Punchdown is a process of connecting bulk cables to jacks in wall plates and patch panels.
- The last step in the punchdown process is to cut off the excess wire that protrudes past the contacts.
Cable Standards
- Category 5 (CAT5) is a type of twisted pair cable that is rated for 10/100 Mbps data rates.
- Category 5e (CAT5e) is a type of twisted pair cable that is rated for 10/100/1000 Mbps data rates.
- Category 6 (CAT6) is a type of twisted pair cable that is rated for 10/100/1000 Mbps data rates.
- Category 6a (CAT6a) is a type of twisted pair cable that is rated for 10/100/1000/10,000 Mbps data rates.
Other Networking Topics
- DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification) is a specification for cable broadband networks.
- PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) is a protocol used for establishing secured links between TCP/IP systems.
- L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) is a protocol used for establishing secured links between TCP/IP systems.
- IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) is a protocol used for establishing secured links between TCP/IP systems.### Networking Fundamentals
Cables and Connectors
- Bus topology uses RG-58 coaxial cables
- Star topology uses twisted pair cabling (e.g. Category 5 (CAT5), Category 5e (CAT5e), Category 6 (CAT6)) and internal installation
- Fiber-optic cabling uses single-mode and multimode fibers with ST and SC connectors
Coaxial Cable
- Coaxial cable has a copper core that carries electrical signals
- Coaxial cable has three conductors within the same sheath
- Coaxial cable has an insulating outer sheath made of PVC or Teflon
Twisted Pair Cable
- Category 3 (CAT3) supports up to 10 Mbps Ethernet
- Category 5 (CAT5), Category 5e (CAT5e), Category 6 (CAT6), and Category 6a (CAT6a) support up to 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet
- Category 5 (CAT5) supports up to 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet
Fiber-Optic Cable
- Single-mode fiber-optic cable uses a laser light source and a glass core
- Multimode fiber-optic cable uses a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) light source
- Fiber-optic cables use ST and SC connectors
Ethernet Specifications
- 10GBase-T Ethernet specification uses copper cable
- 100Base-TX Ethernet specification uses Category 5 (CAT5) twisted pair cable
- 1000Base-T Ethernet specification uses Category 5e (CAT5e) or Category 6 (CAT6) twisted pair cable
- 10GBase-LR Ethernet specification uses single-mode fiber-optic cable
- 10GBase-SR Ethernet specification uses multimode fiber-optic cable
Network Design
- Star topology is suitable for a network with 20 workstations, scattered throughout a building
- Fiber-optic cable is suitable for a network spanning long distances (e.g. 225 meters)
- Gigabit Ethernet is suitable for a network with high-speed requirements
Network Installation
- Internal cable installation uses solid wire conductors for short cable runs and stranded wire conductors for long cable runs
- External cable installation uses bulk spools of cabling with no connectors attached
- Internal cable installation uses prefabricated cables with connectors attached for most cable runs
Network Protocols
- Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a fiber-optic technique for carrying multiple signals on a single network medium
- Network Address Translation (NAT) enables computers on a private IPv4 network to access the Internet using a registered IP address
- Dual stack refers to a computer with two sets of networking protocols (e.g. IPv4 and IPv6)
IP Addressing
- IPv4 addresses are divided into Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E
- Class A addresses have a default subnet mask of 255.0.0.0
- Class B addresses have a default subnet mask of 255.255.0.0
- Class C addresses have a default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0
- IPv6 addresses have 128 bits, represented in hexadecimal notation with colon separators
Subnetting
- Subnetting is a technique for dividing an IP network into smaller sub-networks
- Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is a standard for IPv4 addressing that includes the ability to create subnets using any number of IP address bits
- Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM) is a technique for subnetting an IP network using a variable number of bits
IPv6 Addressing
- IPv6 addresses have a link-local address that begins with FE80
- IPv6 addresses use 64-bit Extended Unique Identifier (EUI-64) values for interface identification
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of networking, including the OSI model and its layers. It tests your understanding of how data is transmitted over a network and how devices are identified.
