Networking Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a bridge in network topology?

  • To check the destination of the signal while passing it through (correct)
  • To provide a connection for client-server communications
  • To connect multiple networks of different topologies
  • To amplify the signal between two buses

Which device allows for the combination of networks with different topologies while maintaining their individuality?

  • Hub
  • Router (correct)
  • Switch
  • Repeater

In network communication, what is interprocess communication primarily concerned with?

  • Coordinating tasks between multiple computers (correct)
  • Setting up a server-client relationship
  • Managing direct file transfers between computers
  • Routing data between different networks

What distinguishes the Internet from an internet?

<p>An internet can have arbitrary topologies but the Internet uses a specific standard (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model of interprocess communication involves computers acting as peers?

<p>Peer-to-Peer Model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional capability does a switch provide compared to a simple bridge?

<p>Allowing for simultaneous connections across multiple buses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device primarily serves to regenerate signals across buses?

<p>Repeater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do routers play in the formation of an internet?

<p>They combine networks without altering their protocols (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the network ensures the message is in the proper format for transmission?

<p>Transport Layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key function of the Network Layer?

<p>Determines the direction to send a message (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is defined as the study of protecting computers, networks, and data from attacks?

<p>Cybersecurity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of unauthorized access to a computer network?

<p>Potential cyber attack (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which application is NOT typically associated with the Internet?

<p>Creating physical layouts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can hardware within a computer system be compromised?

<p>By exploiting hardware designs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a cyber attack's impact on humans?

<p>Manipulation or deception (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the network is primarily responsible for transferring messages to another layer?

<p>Link Layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes malware in the context of cyber attacks?

<p>It is software created for malicious or criminal activities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses primarily operate within a computer system?

<p>They attach themselves to a host program and execute upon activation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do worms differ from viruses in their replication processes?

<p>Worms replicate by transferring from one computer to another directly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary threat posed by Trojan horses?

<p>They can perform harmful activities without the user's awareness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of worms on a network?

<p>They can replicate excessively, potentially overloading the network. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are computer viruses considered particularly harmful?

<p>They can severely corrupt data and degrade system performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about malware?

<p>Malware only includes viruses and excludes other types. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the execution of a computer virus?

<p>A virus activates upon the user opening the infected program that contains it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of a proxy server in network communications?

<p>It acts as an intermediary to shield clients from malicious servers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can legal approaches to cybersecurity be considered imperfect?

<p>They lack international collaboration in addressing cybercrime. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions should a computer user avoid to enhance their security?

<p>Leaving a computer connected to the Internet unnecessarily. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does cryptography primarily focus on?

<p>Sending and receiving messages securely in the presence of adversaries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key measure taken by Nigeria in 2023 to enhance cybersecurity?

<p>Implementation of the Nigeria Data Protection Act. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of network would typically be used for connecting devices within a single room?

<p>Personal Area Network (PAN) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a network in the context of computer systems?

<p>Connection of multiple computers to share resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily enhances the capabilities of standalone computers when connected in a network?

<p>Resource sharing and data transfer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about encryption is accurate?

<p>It transforms messages into a coded version for security. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes what happens once a computer is connected to the Internet?

<p>An intruder will exploit its existence within a very short time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of network typically covers an entire city or community?

<p>Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of a Wide Area Network (WAN)?

<p>Connecting computers thousands of kilometers apart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a Local Area Network (LAN) typically be utilized?

<p>Within a university to connect computers in the same building (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are networks classified based on their accessibility to users?

<p>By the accessibility of network resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a Personal Area Network (PAN)?

<p>Typically used for short-range communications within a small area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the concept of networking?

<p>It enables interconnectivity among computers, enhancing performance and resource sharing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily a characteristic of a trojan horse in malware?

<p>It is disguised as legitimate software to mislead users. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes spyware?

<p>Spyware collects user data and sends it to attackers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of phishing, what does the term 'casting lines' refer to?

<p>Creating multiple fraudulent scenarios to extract information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of spam emails?

<p>To overwhelm users and divert them from malicious content. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical concern is raised regarding the use of spyware?

<p>The transparency of its data collection methods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of phishing attacks?

<p>They are always conducted through phone calls instead of email. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can trojan horses be initially distributed to victims?

<p>As attachments in emails promising financial benefits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a common use of spam emails?

<p>To relay different types of malicious software including trojan horses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Network

A group of computers connected together to share information and resources.

PAN (Personal Area Network)

A network that covers a short distance, like a few meters. It's used for short-range communication between devices like your phone and earbuds.

LAN (Local Area Network)

A network that connects computers within a single building, like a university. It's a network for a smaller, local area.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

A network that covers a larger area, like a town or city. It connects computers across a wider geographic region.

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WAN (Wide Area Network)

A network that connects computers across thousands of kilometers, even in different countries. It's a global network.

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What are the benefits of connecting computers in a network?

Connecting computers in a network allows them to share information, resources like storage and software, transfer data quickly, and collaborate.

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How can we classify networks?

Networks can be classified by their geographic reach (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), accessibility (public or private) and connection pattern (star, bus, ring).

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What are some real-world examples of network resources?

Examples of network resources include streaming media content (Netflix), software (TikTok), and data storage facilities (iCloud, Google Drive).

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Repeater

A device that amplifies and forwards signals between two bus networks.

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Bridge

A device that connects two bus networks and checks the destination of signals to forward them efficiently.

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Switch

A bridge with multiple connections, allowing it to connect multiple bus networks.

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Router

A device that connects networks with different topologies or standards, allowing them to communicate as an internet.

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Internet

A network of interconnected networks, allowing communication between devices on different networks.

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Interprocess Communication

Communication between tasks running on different computers in a network.

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Client/Server Model

A model where one computer (client) requests services from another computer (server).

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Peer-to-Peer Model

A model where computers provide services to each other as equals, without a dedicated server.

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Malware

Software designed to harm computers or steal information. Viruses, worms, trojan horses, and spyware are all types of malware.

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Virus

A type of malware that inserts itself into programs and spreads by replicating itself.

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How does a virus spread?

Viruses spread by replicating themselves and transferring from one program to another.

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Worm

A type of malware that spreads across networks by transferring itself from one computer to another.

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How does a worm spread?

Worms spread by creating copies of themselves and sending those copies to other computers on the network.

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Trojan horse

A type of malware disguised as a harmless game or application. It performs malicious tasks while pretending to be helpful.

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What does a Trojan horse do?

Trojan horses are designed to perform harmful activities in the background, like stealing data or hijacking your computer.

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What is the main difference between a virus and a worm?

Viruses spread by transferring from one program to another, whereas worms spread by transferring from one computer to another.

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Application Layer

The layer where you interact with services like browsing websites or sending emails. It's responsible for translating your requests into a format computers can understand.

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Transport Layer

This layer ensures reliable message delivery by breaking data into packets and managing their transmission. It's like a postman delivering mail.

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Network Layer

Responsible for directing data packets to their correct destination using IP addresses. Like a GPS system, it finds the best route.

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Link Layer

This layer handles physical connection and transmission of data between network devices. It's the actual physical connection.

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What are some examples of internet applications?

Internet applications use the network infrastructure to provide services like email, video calls, streaming music/videos, and social media.

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What is a cyber attack?

A malicious attempt to access or damage computer systems, networks, or data without authorization.

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What is cybersecurity?

Protecting computers, networks, and data from cyber attacks.

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What is the malicious goal of Spyware?

Spyware aims to extract sensitive information like passwords and credit card details from a user's computer without their knowledge.

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Phishing

A type of cyberattack that uses deceptive emails or websites to trick users into giving up their personal information.

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What is the difference between spyware and phishing?

Spyware silently gathers information, while phishing relies on deception to trick victims into willingly providing information.

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How can you protect yourself from phishing?

Be cautious of emails from unknown senders, don't click on suspicious links, and always verify information with legitimate organizations.

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What is the ethical debate surrounding spyware?

Some companies use spyware to gather user data for understanding customer behavior, but this raises concerns about privacy violations.

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Proxy Server

A software that acts as an intermediary between a client and a server, protecting the client from malicious actions and filtering messages.

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Encryption

The process of transforming messages into a coded version to prevent unauthorized access. It's like using a secret language.

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Cryptography

The study of secure communication methods, especially in the presence of adversaries.

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Legal Approach to Cybersecurity

Using laws and regulations to address cybersecurity concerns. It aims to deter and punish cybercrime, but it's not always effective.

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International Collaboration

Working together across countries to address cybersecurity threats, since laws vary and attacks can be global.

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Data Protection Act

A law regulating the use of personal data by companies, protecting individuals' privacy.

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Individual User Responsibility

Taking precautions as a computer user to protect yourself from cyberattacks. Simple actions can make a big difference.

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Common Cybersecurity Don'ts

Simple rules to follow for online safety, such as avoiding suspicious emails and downloads, and being mindful when connecting to the internet.

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Study Notes

Computer Networks

  • Computers can be connected to one another, forming networks for sharing resources
  • Networks vary in size, from local (LANs) to global (WANs)
  • Networks can be categorized by the distance they cover (e.g., PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN)
  • Networks also differ in accessibility (e.g., open networks like the internet, closed networks)
  • Network topologies describe how computers are connected (e.g., bus topology, star topology)
  • Protocols regulate message transmission in networks for proper functioning
  • Transmission protocols including CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA manage message collisions
  • Networks are combined using devices (e.g., repeaters, bridges, switches)
  • Routers are essential for connecting different networks together to form an internet.

Internet

  • The Internet is the most popular example of an internet
  • It originated as a project in the 1960's (DARPA)
  • The goal was to create a network that wouldn't collapse if one part failed
  • It's now a commercial undertaking
  • The Internet is organized hierarchically with different tiers of service providers (ISPs) - Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 3
  • Tier-1 ISPs are top-level, have many high-speed connections, are international WANs, and are usually large companies
  • Tier-2 ISPs are regional and connected with Tier-1 ISPs, less capable than Tier-1
  • Tier-3/Access ISPs provide direct internet access to individuals and businesses (like cable companies or universities)
  • End Systems (e.g., laptops, phones, printers) connect to Access ISPs

Internet Software

  • Software layers facilitate communication between computers on the internet.
  • Application, transport, network, and link layers divide tasks for message handling.
  • The Application layer handles client-server interactions like sending email or downloading
  • The Transport layer ensures proper format for transmission
  • The Network layer determines the message's path through the internet.
  • The Link layer moves messages from one layer to another

Internet Applications

  • Applications that utilize the internet facilitate diverse tasks such as email, phone calls, watching videos, and connecting with people via the internet.

Cyber Attacks

  • Cyberattacks target computers or networks.
  • Cyberattacks may target software, hardware, or human components
  • Malicious programs (malware) can corrupt or steal data directly.
  • Malware can be spread, targeting computers directly or remotely, including viruses, worms, trojan horses, and spyware.
  • These techniques can cause devastating consequences like corrupting data or making a system unusable.
  • Phishing involves tricking users into divulging sensitive information through fraudulent emails.
  • Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks overwhelm a target with requests, hindering its normal operation.
  • Spam overwhelms the human user with unwanted messages for various purposes including malicious intent

Network Security

  • Tools and approaches help protect networks and computers from cyberattacks
  • Firewalls act as gatekeepers, limiting access to a network, filtering messages.
  • Antivirus software detects and mitigates malicious software.
  • Proxy servers act as intermediaries shielding clients from servers.
  • Cryptography uses encryption to secure data transmission.
  • Legal measures establish rules and penalties to prevent attacks.
  • Awareness and cautious usage by computer users also help in preventing attacks.

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Computer Networks PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on essential networking concepts with this quiz. Explore topics such as network topology, interprocess communication, and the roles of different devices in networking. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand the intricate workings of network infrastructures.

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