Network Topology Concepts
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Network Topology Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of a client in a computer network?

  • Runs on servers
  • Requests information from a server (correct)
  • Provides services to clients
  • Connects cable segments

    • Which device is considered a connectivity device in a network?

  • Network operating system (NOS)
  • Physical topology (correct)
  • Local-area network (LAN)
  • Wide-area network (WAN)

    • What does a network operating system (NOS) refer to?

  • Runs on servers
  • Provides services to clients
  • The operating system running on servers (correct)
  • Requests information from a server

    • In a network, what is the function of a wide-area network (WAN)?

    <p>Interconnect LANs over a large geographic location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the characteristics of a network, including general cost considerations?

    <p>Physical topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Access Layer in a network?

    <p>Controls user and workgroup access to network resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key advantage of a two-tier, spine-leaf network architecture?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of spine switches in a two-tier, spine-leaf network architecture?

    <p>Offer high-throughput, low-latency connections between leaf switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do leaf switches differ from traditional top-of-rack (TOR) switches?

    <p>Leaf switches have the increased capability of 40, 100, or 300Gbps uplinks to each spine switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between on-premises infrastructure and cloud-based infrastructure?

    <p>On-premises infrastructure is managed and maintained by the business, while cloud-based infrastructure is managed by a third-party provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of TRILL, SPB, or SDN protocols in a two-tier, spine-leaf network architecture?

    <p>To enable the concurrent use of all uplink connections from each leaf switch to the spine switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of a private cloud over a public/enterprise cloud?

    <p>Private clouds provide dedicated infrastructure owned by the organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a firewall device in a SOHO LAN network?

    <p>To filter out junk data packets coming from malicious computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key function of a Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a network interface card (NIC) in a computer?

    <p>To connect a computer to a LAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of a 'medium' in networking?

    <p>The physical transport used to carry data between network devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Cisco IOS software in networking?

    <p>To act as the most widely deployed network system software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the core layer in a 3-tier network architecture?

    <p>To transport large amounts of traffic quickly and reliably</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topology connects all devices directly to each other, providing redundancy and fault tolerance?

    <p>Full mesh topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the distribution layer in a 3-tier network architecture?

    <p>To provide routing, filtering, WAN access, and determine packet access to the core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topology requires a terminator at the end of the cable to absorb the signal?

    <p>Bus topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is responsible for connecting end devices to the network in a star topology?

    <p>Any of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a ring topology, how do frames travel between nodes?

    <p>Frames travel around the ring, stopping at each node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Availability' refer to in the context of networks?

    <p>The measure of the likelihood that the network will be accessible when needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a class of attack mentioned in the text?

    <p>Remote attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of attack focuses on malicious changes to hardware or software during manufacturing or distribution?

    <p>Distribution attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an Access Attack mentioned in the text?

    <p>Man-in-the-middle attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Scalability' refer to in the context of networks?

    <p>How well the network can accommodate more users and more data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of attack in the text?

    <p>Phishing attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Access Layer

    • Controls user and workgroup access to internetwork resources and handles remote service traffic.

    Two-Tier, Spine-Leaf Architecture

    • Uses high-throughput, low-latency, and port-dense spine switches with direct high-speed connections to each leaf switch.
    • Leaf switches have increased capabilities, including 40, 100, or 300Gbps uplinks to each spine switch.

    Advantages of Two-Tier, Spine-Leaf Architecture

    • Resiliency: Each leaf switch connects to every spine switch, enabling concurrent use of uplinks.
    • Latency: Maximum of 2 hops for any East-West packet flows, providing ultra-low latency.
    • Performance: True active-active uplinks enable traffic to flow over the least congested high-speed links.
    • Scalability: Ability to increase leaf switch quantity and add spine switches as needed.
    • Adaptability: Multiple spine-leaf networks can be connected and managed from a single pane of glass.

    Cloud and Premises

    • Clouds On-premises: Infrastructure, services, and management are within the business on their own hardware and servers.
    • Client: A computer or program that requests information from a server.
    • Server: A computer or program that provides services or information to clients.

    Network Fundamentals

    • Network Operating System (NOS): The operating system running on servers.
    • Connectivity Device: Any device that connects cable segments, connects two or more small networks, or divides a large network.
    • Local-Area Network (LAN): A network confined to a small geographic area.
    • Wide-Area Network (WAN): Interconnects LANs using leased carrier lines or satellite technology.

    Network Characteristics

    • Cost: The general cost of network components, installation, and maintenance.
    • Physical Topology: A network's physical shape.
    • Logical Topology: The path that data takes from one computer to another.

    WAN and SDWAN

    • WAN: A network that uses various links to connect smaller metropolitan and campus networks.
    • Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SDWAN): A virtual WAN architecture that securely connects users to applications.

    Networking Fundamentals

    • Network Interface Card (NIC): Connects a computer to a LAN.
    • Medium: The physical transport used to carry data, such as a cable.
    • Protocol: A set of communication rules used by computer or network devices.
    • Cisco IOS Software: The most widely deployed network system software.

    Network Topology

    • Defines how computers, printers, and network devices are connected.
    • Physical Topology: Defines the physical components of the network.
    • Logical Topology: Defines the data path of the network.
    • Bus Topology: Connects all devices using a single cable.
    • Star Topology: The most commonly used physical topology in Ethernet LAN.
    • Ring Topology: Hosts are connected in the form of a ring or circle.
    • Full Mesh Topology: Connects all devices to each other for redundancy and fault tolerance.

    Network Architecture

    • 3 Tier Architecture: Consists of the Core Layer, Distribution Layer, and Access Layer.
    • Core Layer: The core of the network, responsible for transporting large amounts of traffic.
    • Distribution Layer: The communication point between the access layer and the core.
    • Security: Defines how secure the network and network data are.
    • Availability: The measure of the likelihood that the network will be available for use when required.
    • Scalability: How well the network can accommodate more users and more data.
    • Reliability: The dependability of the devices that make up the network.

    Classes of Attacks

    • Passive: Attacks that capture and monitor unprotected communication and capture passwords.
    • Active: Attacks that actively try to break or bypass security devices.
    • Close-in: Attacks attempted by an individual in close physical proximity to networks or facilities.
    • Insider: Attacks that occur from authorized users inside a network.
    • Distribution: Attacks that focus on malicious changes to hardware or software during distribution.
    • Access Attacks: Exploit known web services, databases, operating systems, and authentication services.
    • Examples of Access Attacks: Password attacks, Port redirection, Man-in-the-middle attacks, Buffer overflow.

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    Description

    Learn about network structures and configurations, including physical and logical topologies. Understand the differences between networks, internetworks, and bus topology.

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