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Questions and Answers
What is the role of a client in a computer network?
What is the role of a client in a computer network?
Which device is considered a connectivity device in a network?
Which device is considered a connectivity device in a network?
What does a network operating system (NOS) refer to?
What does a network operating system (NOS) refer to?
In a network, what is the function of a wide-area network (WAN)?
In a network, what is the function of a wide-area network (WAN)?
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What defines the characteristics of a network, including general cost considerations?
What defines the characteristics of a network, including general cost considerations?
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What is the primary function of the Access Layer in a network?
What is the primary function of the Access Layer in a network?
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What is the key advantage of a two-tier, spine-leaf network architecture?
What is the key advantage of a two-tier, spine-leaf network architecture?
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What is the primary function of spine switches in a two-tier, spine-leaf network architecture?
What is the primary function of spine switches in a two-tier, spine-leaf network architecture?
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How do leaf switches differ from traditional top-of-rack (TOR) switches?
How do leaf switches differ from traditional top-of-rack (TOR) switches?
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What is the primary difference between on-premises infrastructure and cloud-based infrastructure?
What is the primary difference between on-premises infrastructure and cloud-based infrastructure?
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What is the purpose of TRILL, SPB, or SDN protocols in a two-tier, spine-leaf network architecture?
What is the purpose of TRILL, SPB, or SDN protocols in a two-tier, spine-leaf network architecture?
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What is the primary advantage of a private cloud over a public/enterprise cloud?
What is the primary advantage of a private cloud over a public/enterprise cloud?
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What is the primary purpose of a firewall device in a SOHO LAN network?
What is the primary purpose of a firewall device in a SOHO LAN network?
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What is the key function of a Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN)?
What is the key function of a Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN)?
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What is the primary role of a network interface card (NIC) in a computer?
What is the primary role of a network interface card (NIC) in a computer?
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Which statement best describes the role of a 'medium' in networking?
Which statement best describes the role of a 'medium' in networking?
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What is the primary purpose of the Cisco IOS software in networking?
What is the primary purpose of the Cisco IOS software in networking?
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What is the primary function of the core layer in a 3-tier network architecture?
What is the primary function of the core layer in a 3-tier network architecture?
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Which topology connects all devices directly to each other, providing redundancy and fault tolerance?
Which topology connects all devices directly to each other, providing redundancy and fault tolerance?
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What is the primary function of the distribution layer in a 3-tier network architecture?
What is the primary function of the distribution layer in a 3-tier network architecture?
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Which topology requires a terminator at the end of the cable to absorb the signal?
Which topology requires a terminator at the end of the cable to absorb the signal?
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What component is responsible for connecting end devices to the network in a star topology?
What component is responsible for connecting end devices to the network in a star topology?
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In a ring topology, how do frames travel between nodes?
In a ring topology, how do frames travel between nodes?
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What does the term 'Availability' refer to in the context of networks?
What does the term 'Availability' refer to in the context of networks?
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Which of the following is NOT a class of attack mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a class of attack mentioned in the text?
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What type of attack focuses on malicious changes to hardware or software during manufacturing or distribution?
What type of attack focuses on malicious changes to hardware or software during manufacturing or distribution?
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Which of the following is an example of an Access Attack mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is an example of an Access Attack mentioned in the text?
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What does the term 'Scalability' refer to in the context of networks?
What does the term 'Scalability' refer to in the context of networks?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of attack in the text?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of attack in the text?
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Study Notes
The Access Layer
- Controls user and workgroup access to internetwork resources and handles remote service traffic.
Two-Tier, Spine-Leaf Architecture
- Uses high-throughput, low-latency, and port-dense spine switches with direct high-speed connections to each leaf switch.
- Leaf switches have increased capabilities, including 40, 100, or 300Gbps uplinks to each spine switch.
Advantages of Two-Tier, Spine-Leaf Architecture
- Resiliency: Each leaf switch connects to every spine switch, enabling concurrent use of uplinks.
- Latency: Maximum of 2 hops for any East-West packet flows, providing ultra-low latency.
- Performance: True active-active uplinks enable traffic to flow over the least congested high-speed links.
- Scalability: Ability to increase leaf switch quantity and add spine switches as needed.
- Adaptability: Multiple spine-leaf networks can be connected and managed from a single pane of glass.
Cloud and Premises
- Clouds On-premises: Infrastructure, services, and management are within the business on their own hardware and servers.
- Client: A computer or program that requests information from a server.
- Server: A computer or program that provides services or information to clients.
Network Fundamentals
- Network Operating System (NOS): The operating system running on servers.
- Connectivity Device: Any device that connects cable segments, connects two or more small networks, or divides a large network.
- Local-Area Network (LAN): A network confined to a small geographic area.
- Wide-Area Network (WAN): Interconnects LANs using leased carrier lines or satellite technology.
Network Characteristics
- Cost: The general cost of network components, installation, and maintenance.
- Physical Topology: A network's physical shape.
- Logical Topology: The path that data takes from one computer to another.
WAN and SDWAN
- WAN: A network that uses various links to connect smaller metropolitan and campus networks.
- Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SDWAN): A virtual WAN architecture that securely connects users to applications.
Networking Fundamentals
- Network Interface Card (NIC): Connects a computer to a LAN.
- Medium: The physical transport used to carry data, such as a cable.
- Protocol: A set of communication rules used by computer or network devices.
- Cisco IOS Software: The most widely deployed network system software.
Network Topology
- Defines how computers, printers, and network devices are connected.
- Physical Topology: Defines the physical components of the network.
- Logical Topology: Defines the data path of the network.
- Bus Topology: Connects all devices using a single cable.
- Star Topology: The most commonly used physical topology in Ethernet LAN.
- Ring Topology: Hosts are connected in the form of a ring or circle.
- Full Mesh Topology: Connects all devices to each other for redundancy and fault tolerance.
Network Architecture
- 3 Tier Architecture: Consists of the Core Layer, Distribution Layer, and Access Layer.
- Core Layer: The core of the network, responsible for transporting large amounts of traffic.
- Distribution Layer: The communication point between the access layer and the core.
- Security: Defines how secure the network and network data are.
- Availability: The measure of the likelihood that the network will be available for use when required.
- Scalability: How well the network can accommodate more users and more data.
- Reliability: The dependability of the devices that make up the network.
Classes of Attacks
- Passive: Attacks that capture and monitor unprotected communication and capture passwords.
- Active: Attacks that actively try to break or bypass security devices.
- Close-in: Attacks attempted by an individual in close physical proximity to networks or facilities.
- Insider: Attacks that occur from authorized users inside a network.
- Distribution: Attacks that focus on malicious changes to hardware or software during distribution.
- Access Attacks: Exploit known web services, databases, operating systems, and authentication services.
- Examples of Access Attacks: Password attacks, Port redirection, Man-in-the-middle attacks, Buffer overflow.
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Description
Learn about network structures and configurations, including physical and logical topologies. Understand the differences between networks, internetworks, and bus topology.
