Networking Concepts and Protocols Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What function does NAT perform in a network?

  • It directly hosts web applications.
  • It establishes direct communication between different networks.
  • It translates private IP addresses to a public IP address. (correct)
  • It increases network bandwidth and efficiency.

What is the purpose of ICMP in networking?

  • To enhance the speed of data transmission.
  • To secure data packets during transit.
  • To manage bandwidth allocation across networks.
  • To provide network-level information and error reporting. (correct)

What is contained in an ICMP message alongside its type and code?

  • The intended recipient’s address
  • First 8 bytes of the datagram causing the error (correct)
  • The sender’s source address
  • Checksum value for error detection

What is the primary metric used by the Routing Information Protocol (RIP)?

<p>Number of hops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ICMP is TRUE?

<p>ICMP provides error reporting and diagnostic functions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What algorithm does OSPF primarily employ?

<p>Link state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes hot potato routing?

<p>Choosing the gateway with the smallest least cost. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stopping criteria for datagram processing related to ICMP messages?

<p>When the nth set of datagrams arrives to the nth router. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motivation behind the development of IPv6?

<p>To completely allocate the 32-bit address space. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field in the IPv6 datagram format identifies priority among datagrams in a flow?

<p>Priority (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature has been removed from IPv6 to reduce processing time at each hop?

<p>Checksum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of ICMP error reporting, what does the destination return when a UDP segment is unreachable?

<p>ICMP message type 3, code 3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the IPv6 header format aids in speeding processing and forwarding?

<p>Simplicity of design with minimal fields (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are options handled in IPv6 compared to IPv4?

<p>Options are moved outside the header and indicated by the Next Header field. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue arises during the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 regarding router upgrades?

<p>Mixed networks with both IPv4 and IPv6 routers must be operational. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ICMP message indicates that a packet is too large?

<p>Packet Too Big (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field in the IPv6 header indicates the upper layer protocol for data?

<p>Next header (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to datagrams when they arrive at an nth router and are processed by UDP?

<p>They are discarded if they don't meet criteria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is primarily used for dynamically assigning IP addresses to devices on a network?

<p>DHCP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional information can DHCP provide besides IP addresses?

<p>Name and IP address of DNS server (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a DHCP transaction, what is the significance of the transaction ID?

<p>It distinguishes requests from different clients. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is a DHCP ACK message sent?

<p>After the DHCP offer is accepted. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes the content of a DHCP offer?

<p>The allocated IP address with transaction ID. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Broadcast' address in DHCP messages?

<p>To allow devices on the local network to receive messages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a DHCP request message?

<p>It includes confirmation of acceptance of the offered IP. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically included in a DHCP ACK message?

<p>The first-hop router address and DNS settings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'lifetime' value in a DHCP message indicate?

<p>The duration for which the assigned IP is valid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is necessary for a device to receive a DHCP address on a local network?

<p>DHCP server. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol used by hosts and routers for network-level communication, primarily for reporting errors and controlling congestion.

Echo Request/Reply (ping)

An ICMP message type used for testing network connectivity by sending an echo request and receiving an echo reply.

Destination Unreachable

An ICMP error message indicating a destination host, network, protocol or port is unreachable.

Traceroute

A network diagnostic tool that traces the route packets take to reach a destination by incrementally increasing the Time-To-Live (TTL) value in IP packets.

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Time-To-Live (TTL)

A field in an IP packet that specifies the maximum number of network hops a packet can traverse before being discarded.

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IP Datagram

A packet of data transmitted over the Internet Protocol.

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Routing Algorithms

Techniques used by routers to determine the optimal path for data packets.

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Hierarchical Routing

A routing method that organizes networks into a hierarchy of smaller, more manageable systems

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IPv6 Motivation

IPv6 was created to address the exhaustion of the 32-bit address space in IPv4 and further improve processing/forwarding speed in network communication.

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IPv6 Header

A fixed-length 40 byte header that reduces processing time at each network hop, and avoids fragmentation.

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IPv6 Datagram Format

Consists of a 40-byte header, followed by data. The header contains fields like priority, flow label, next header, and hop limit.

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IPv6 Priority

Identifies the priority of a datagram within a flow in IPv6 communication.

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IPv6 Flow Label

Identifies datagrams belonging to the same flow in IPv6 data packets.

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IPv6 Checksum Removal

IPv6 removed the checksum from the header to reduce processing time at each network hop.

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IPv6 Options

Options are allowed in IPv6 but are placed outside the header, indicated by the "Next Header" field.

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Stopping Criteria

Stopping criteria for sending ICMP messages when packets are discarded within a network.

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Transition from IPv4 to IPv6

Simultaneous upgrade of routers is not possible, requiring a transition approach handling the coexistence of both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols within a network.

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Intra-AS Routing

Routing within an Autonomous System (AS), where routers exchange information about network topology within the same AS.

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RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

A distance-vector routing protocol commonly used within an AS, that calculates shortest paths based on hop count.

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Distance Vector Algorithm

A routing algorithm where each router maintains a table with its distance (hop count) to other destinations in the network. This table (called the 'distance vector') is shared with neighbors.

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RIP Advertisement

Messages exchanged by RIP routers containing information about destinations and hop counts. These messages are sent every 30 seconds.

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RIP Hop Limit

The maximum number of hops a packet can travel using RIP. This limit is 15 hops, ensuring packets don't loop indefinitely.

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DHCP Offer

A message sent by a DHCP server to a requesting client offering an IP address and other network configuration information.

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DHCP Request

A message sent by a client to a DHCP server to request an IP address and related network configuration.

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DHCP ACK

A message sent by a DHCP server to a client confirming the allocation of an IP address and other configuration details.

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DHCP Purpose

To automatically configure network settings for devices on a network, including IP address, subnet mask, gateway and DNS server information.

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DHCP Server

A server responsible for allocating IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to clients on a network.

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DHCP Client

A device that requests and receives network configuration information from a DHCP server.

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yiaddrr

A field in DHCP messages that specifies the IP address offered to the client.

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Transaction ID

A unique identifier used to track individual DHCP requests and responses.

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Lifetime

The duration for which an allocated IP address is valid.

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Network Mask

Used to differentiate the network portion of an IP address from the host portion. DHCP provides this to clients.

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