ICMP vs TCP vs UDP: Understand the Difference

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Internet Protocol (IP) in the network layer?

To provide error-checking and correction services

To encapsulate upper-layer protocols and send them across a network (correct)

To make forwarding decisions based on layer three addresses

To provide quality of service (QoS) guarantees

What is the name of the protocol that is used to check if a network device has reachability to another network device?

TCP

ICMP (correct)

UDP

In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for routing data packets across a network?

Network layer (correct)

Data link layer

Transport layer

Physical layer

What is the name of the protocol that is used to transmit data reliably over a network?

TCP Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of encapsulating upper-layer protocols within IP packets?

Encapsulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the device that forwards data packets based on layer three addresses?

Router Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the address space used by the Internet Protocol (IP)?

IP address Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protocol that is used to send error messages and operational information?

ICMP Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the layer that is responsible for providing reliable data transfer?

Transport layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of checking if a network device has reachability to another network device?

Ping Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of forwarding decisions made by a layer two Ethernet switch?

Physical MAC addresses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between UDP and TCP?

Reliability Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ping utility?

To troubleshoot network issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical use case for UDP?

Real-time applications Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an ICMP echo request?

To test network connectivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the device shown at the bottom of the topology?

Router Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical packet size used in the ping utility?

64 bytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using UDP for voice over IP?

Lower overhead Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the round trip time in the ping utility?

Measures network latency Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ICMP echo reply?

To respond to ping requests Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between TCP and UDP?

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, while UDP is connectionless Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the three-way handshake in TCP?

To establish a connection between the sender and receiver Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a segment is dropped during a TCP transmission?

The receiver requests retransmission of the dropped segment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a single unit of data transmitted over TCP?

Segment Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the acknowledgment (ACK) packet in TCP?

To acknowledge receipt of data by the receiver Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the window size in TCP when data is successfully transmitted?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of increasing the window size in TCP?

Window scaling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using TCP over UDP?

TCP is more reliable than UDP Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the message sent by the client to initiate a TCP connection?

SYN packet Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of retransmitting a dropped segment in TCP?

Segment retransmission Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Network Layer

The network layer is the third layer of the OSI model, but in the TCP/IP model, it's called the Internet layer.
Two popular protocols at the network layer are IP (Internet Protocol) and ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol).
IP (Internet Protocol) is like a flatbed truck that can carry upper-layer protocols like UDP and TCP.
IP packets contain IP addressing, which might use IP version 4 or 6, and routers make forwarding decisions based on IP addresses.
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used to check if a network device has reachability to another device, which is called a ping.
A ping sends an ICMP echo request to a device's IP address, and if the device receives it, it responds with an ICMP echo reply.

Transport Layer

The transport layer is the fourth layer of the OSI model and the TCP/IP model.
Two major protocols at the transport layer are UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).
UDP is not a reliable protocol, as it doesn't guarantee delivery or confirmation of packets, but it's useful for real-time applications like VoIP.
TCP is a reliable protocol that sets up a connection between devices and retransmits dropped packets to prevent data corruption.
A TCP connection is set up using the three-way handshake: SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK.

TCP Connection Setup and Data Exchange

The laptop initiates a TCP connection by sending a SYN packet to the server.
The server responds with a SYN-ACK packet, which is an acknowledgment of the laptop's SYN packet and a request to establish a connection.
The laptop responds with an ACK packet, completing the three-way handshake.
Once connected, the laptop sends a segment of data to the server, which responds with an ACK packet.
The laptop can then send more segments, and the server acknowledges them, allowing the laptop to increase its window size and send more segments.

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Description

This quiz covers the network and transport layers of the OSI model, focusing on popular protocols and their roles. It also touches on the similarities with the TCP IP model.

IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP

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