30 Questions
What is the primary function of the Internet Protocol (IP) in the network layer?
To encapsulate upper-layer protocols and send them across a network
What is the name of the protocol that is used to check if a network device has reachability to another network device?
ICMP
In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for routing data packets across a network?
Network layer
What is the name of the protocol that is used to transmit data reliably over a network?
TCP
What is the term for the process of encapsulating upper-layer protocols within IP packets?
Encapsulation
What is the name of the device that forwards data packets based on layer three addresses?
Router
What is the term for the address space used by the Internet Protocol (IP)?
IP address
What is the name of the protocol that is used to send error messages and operational information?
ICMP
What is the name of the layer that is responsible for providing reliable data transfer?
Transport layer
What is the term for the process of checking if a network device has reachability to another network device?
Ping
What is the basis of forwarding decisions made by a layer two Ethernet switch?
Physical MAC addresses
What is the primary difference between UDP and TCP?
Reliability
What is the purpose of the ping utility?
To troubleshoot network issues
What is the typical use case for UDP?
Real-time applications
What is the purpose of an ICMP echo request?
To test network connectivity
What is the device shown at the bottom of the topology?
Router
What is the typical packet size used in the ping utility?
64 bytes
What is the benefit of using UDP for voice over IP?
Lower overhead
What is the significance of the round trip time in the ping utility?
Measures network latency
What is the purpose of the ICMP echo reply?
To respond to ping requests
What is the primary difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, while UDP is connectionless
What is the purpose of the three-way handshake in TCP?
To establish a connection between the sender and receiver
What happens when a segment is dropped during a TCP transmission?
The receiver requests retransmission of the dropped segment
What is the term for a single unit of data transmitted over TCP?
Segment
What is the purpose of the acknowledgment (ACK) packet in TCP?
To acknowledge receipt of data by the receiver
What happens to the window size in TCP when data is successfully transmitted?
It increases
What is the term for the process of increasing the window size in TCP?
Window scaling
What is the primary advantage of using TCP over UDP?
TCP is more reliable than UDP
What is the term for the message sent by the client to initiate a TCP connection?
SYN packet
What is the term for the process of retransmitting a dropped segment in TCP?
Segment retransmission
Study Notes
Network Layer
- The network layer is the third layer of the OSI model, but in the TCP/IP model, it's called the Internet layer.
- Two popular protocols at the network layer are IP (Internet Protocol) and ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol).
- IP (Internet Protocol) is like a flatbed truck that can carry upper-layer protocols like UDP and TCP.
- IP packets contain IP addressing, which might use IP version 4 or 6, and routers make forwarding decisions based on IP addresses.
- ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used to check if a network device has reachability to another device, which is called a ping.
- A ping sends an ICMP echo request to a device's IP address, and if the device receives it, it responds with an ICMP echo reply.
Transport Layer
- The transport layer is the fourth layer of the OSI model and the TCP/IP model.
- Two major protocols at the transport layer are UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).
- UDP is not a reliable protocol, as it doesn't guarantee delivery or confirmation of packets, but it's useful for real-time applications like VoIP.
- TCP is a reliable protocol that sets up a connection between devices and retransmits dropped packets to prevent data corruption.
- A TCP connection is set up using the three-way handshake: SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK.
TCP Connection Setup and Data Exchange
- The laptop initiates a TCP connection by sending a SYN packet to the server.
- The server responds with a SYN-ACK packet, which is an acknowledgment of the laptop's SYN packet and a request to establish a connection.
- The laptop responds with an ACK packet, completing the three-way handshake.
- Once connected, the laptop sends a segment of data to the server, which responds with an ACK packet.
- The laptop can then send more segments, and the server acknowledges them, allowing the laptop to increase its window size and send more segments.
This quiz covers the network and transport layers of the OSI model, focusing on popular protocols and their roles. It also touches on the similarities with the TCP IP model.
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