Networking Basics and Protocols
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?

  • To connect different local area networks
  • To manage flow control and guarantee reliable delivery (correct)
  • To transmit data packets over the internet
  • To forward messages across multiple networks
  • Which statement correctly describes the role of Internet Protocol (IP)?

  • IP identifies services running on local machines.
  • IP guarantees the reliability of data transmission.
  • IP is used for managing information flow between networks.
  • IP is primarily responsible for delivering messages from sender to receiver. (correct)
  • What does a port represent in network communication?

  • A routing number for data packets
  • An endpoint to identify a specific service (correct)
  • A physical connection point on a device
  • A unique identifier for a local area network
  • Which of the following correctly matches an application layer protocol with its function?

    <p>Ethernet – delivering messages on the same local area network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a socket in networking terms?

    <p>An IP, Protocol, and Port combination for data transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of attack involves unauthorized access to information that one is not authorized to see?

    <p>Access Attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of cyberattacks as described?

    <p>Encryption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack?

    <p>To deny legitimate users from accessing resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a 'man-in-the-middle' attack?

    <p>Interception of communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does non-repudiation provide in the context of information security?

    <p>Proof of the origin of data or actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operation is typically NOT associated with Modification attacks?

    <p>Denial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Shoulder surfing is a method of which type of attack?

    <p>Access Attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the web protocol stack does HTTP operate at?

    <p>Application layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors describes eavesdropping?

    <p>Listening in on conversations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is NOT one of the key components of communication?

    <p>The interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of a repudiation attack is:

    <p>Denial of event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Internet layer in the TCP/IP model?

    <p>To transmit datagrams across network boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the protocol stack, what does HTTP primarily govern?

    <p>How web servers and clients interact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) serve in network communication?

    <p>It manages individual conversations between hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the link layer in the TCP/IP model?

    <p>It facilitates transmission between two hosts on a local network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of protocols in the protocol stack?

    <p>They require interaction for communication between hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the protocol stack illustrate in terms of communication?

    <p>The hierarchical interaction of protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important not to perform attacks against any system without permission?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Networking Basics

    • Communication involves three elements: source, destination, and transmission medium.
    • Protocols set the rules for communication, allowing for interpretation of data.

    Network Protocols

    • The TCP/IP model describes how protocols operate at different layers and interact with surrounding layers.
    • Four layers in the TCP/IP model:
      • Application: Data used by users/applications.
      • Transport: Manages communication across devices and networks.
      • Internet: Transfers datagrams across networks via routers.
      • Link Layer: Facilitates local network communication between two hosts.

    The Protocol Stack

    • Communication requires interaction across multiple protocols, visualized as a hierarchical stack.
    • Key protocols in the stack:
      • HTTP: Governs interactions between web servers and clients, defining content and format of requests and responses.
      • TCP: Manages individual connections and ensures reliable information delivery.
      • IP: Forwards messages across multiple networks using routers.
      • Ethernet: Handles message delivery within a local area network (LAN).

    Comparing Protocols with Human Verbal Communication

    • HTTP likened to language used for communication on the web.
    • TCP compared to formal greetings, establishing an interaction.
    • IP analogized to body language and vocalization.
    • Ethernet compared to the physical transmission of sound.

    Servers

    • Servers utilize various application layer protocols and are identified by IP addresses.
    • To communicate with a server, format the address correctly (e.g., http://192.168.1.1:80).

    Ports

    • Ports serve as communication endpoints to differentiate services on a host.
    • Port numbers range from 0 to 65,535 and are managed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
    • A socket is a combination of IP, protocol, and port, enabling data transmission.

    Attacks

    • An attack is an intentional maneuver targeting information systems, classified into four categories:
      • Access: Unauthorized information access impacting confidentiality.
      • Modification: Unauthorized changes to information affecting integrity.
      • Denial-of-Service (DoS): Prevents legitimate user access to resources, affecting availability.
      • Repudiation: Denies the validity or occurrence of an action.

    Access Attacks

    • Examples include shoulder surfing, eavesdropping, and interception (such as Man-in-the-middle attacks).

    Modification Attacks

    • Involve unauthorized information changes, such as insertion, deletion, or updates to data.

    Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks

    • Deny resource access to legitimate users and can include data deletion, encryption, or system disabling.

    Repudiation

    • Refers to a denial of the truth of an action.
    • Non-repudiation is crucial for proving data origin and identity association with actions.

    Repudiation Attacks

    • Include masquerading (identity theft or spoofing) and denial of event (disavowing a transaction).

    HTTP

    • HTTP is the core application-layer protocol of the web, operating as a request-response model.
    • HTTP/1.1 is widely used, while HTTP/2 is also common.
    • It is stateless, with clients (browsers) making requests and servers responding.
    • Most critical protocol for web security.

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    Related Documents

    Lecture 2.pdf

    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts of networking, including the essential components of communication and the TCP/IP protocol model. Understand the various layers in the model and the key protocols that enable reliable data transfer across networks.

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