Networking and Information Systems Quiz

Definition: Interconnecting computers and devices to share resources and information.
Types:
- Local Area Network (LAN): Limited geographical area, high speed (e.g., home, office).
- Wide Area Network (WAN): Covers larger geographical areas, lower speed (e.g., internet).
- Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Spans cities or large campuses.
Key Components:
- Router: Directs data between networks.
- Switch: Connects devices within a LAN.
- Modem: Converts digital signals to analog for internet access.
Protocols:
- TCP/IP: Core protocols for data transmission on the internet.
- HTTP/HTTPS: Protocols for web communication.
- FTP: Protocol for file transfer.

Definition: Organized systems for collecting, storing, and processing information.
Components:
- Hardware: Physical devices (servers, computers).
- Software: Applications that process data (databases, ERP systems).
- Data: Raw facts processed by information systems.
- Procedures: Rules and guidelines for using the system.
- People: Users who interact with the system.
Types:
- Management Information Systems (MIS): Help in decision-making.
- Decision Support Systems (DSS): Analyze data for complex decisions.
- Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): Handle day-to-day transactions.

Definition: Raw facts and figures without context.
Types:
- Structured Data: Easily organized in databases (tables, spreadsheets).
- Unstructured Data: Not easily categorized (text, images).
Importance: Essential for analysis, decision-making, and generating information.

Definition: Processed data that provides meaning and context.
Characteristics:
- Relevance: Must be applicable to the user's needs.
- Timeliness: Should be available when needed.
- Accuracy: Must be reliable and precise.
Uses: Supports decision-making, problem-solving, and knowledge creation.

Definition: Information that is processed and understood, leading to actionable insights.
Types:
- Explicit Knowledge: Easily documented (manuals, reports).
- Tacit Knowledge: Difficult to articulate (experience, intuition).
Management: Knowledge management systems help capture, store, and share knowledge within organizations.

Definition: The collection, manipulation, and storage of information to generate output.
Stages:
- Input: Gathering data from various sources.
- Processing: Transforming data into meaningful information.
- Output: Delivering processed information for use.
- Storage: Saving information for future access.
Applications: Used in business analytics, decision-making, and automated processes.

Connecting computers and devices to share resources and information.
Local Area Networks (LANs) connect devices in a limited area, like a home or office, with high speed.
Wide Area Networks (WANs) cover larger geographical areas, connecting devices across cities and countries, with lower speeds.
Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) provide connectivity across cities or large campuses.
Routers direct data flow between networks.
Switches connect devices within a LAN.
Modems convert digital signals from computers to analog signals for transmission over phone lines or cable.
TCP/IP is the core protocol for internet data transmission.
HTTP/HTTPS protocols facilitate communication on the web.
FTP enables file transfers.

Structured systems for collecting, storing, and processing information.
Components:
- Hardware includes physical devices like servers and computers.
- Software contains applications for processing data, such as databases and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems.
- Data is raw facts used by information systems.
- Procedures define rules and guidelines for using the system.
- People are users who interact with the system.
Types:
- Management Information Systems (MIS) support decision-making by providing summaries and reports.
- Decision Support Systems (DSS) analyze data to help with complex decisions.
- Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) handle routine transactions like sales or payroll.

Raw facts and figures without context.
Structured Data can be easily organized in databases like tables and spreadsheets.
Unstructured Data lacks a clear format and includes text files, images, and videos.
Importance: Key for analysis, decision-making, and generating information.

Processed data with meaning and context.
Characteristics:
- Relevance: Information should be useful to the user.
- Timeliness: Should be available when needed.
- Accuracy: Should be reliable and precise.
Uses: Supports decision-making, problem-solving, and knowledge creation.

Processed information that is understood and leads to actionable insights.
Types:
- Explicit Knowledge is easily documented in manuals, reports, or procedures.
- Tacit Knowledge is gained through experience and intuition and is difficult to articulate.
Management: Knowledge management systems help capture, store, and share knowledge within organizations.

The collection, manipulation, and storage of information to generate output.
Stages:
- Input: Gathering data from various sources.
- Processing: Transforming data into meaningful information.
- Output: Delivering processed information for use.
- Storage: Saving information for future access.
Applications: Used in business analytics, decision-making, and automated processes.