Network Layer: Connection Services

Connectionless Service = Packets are injected into the network individually and routed independently of each other. Connection-Oriented Service = A path from the source router to the destination router must be established before any data packets can be sent. Virtual-Circuit Network = A network that uses connection-oriented service and establishes a path before sending data packets. Datagram Network = A network that uses connectionless service and routes packets independently.

Flooding = Sending every incoming packet out on every outgoing line except the one it arrived on. Shortest Path = The path with the least propagation delay, measured using ECHO packets. Geographic Distance = Measuring path length by the geographic distance in kilometers. Number of Hops = Measuring path length by the number of routers from the source to the destination.

Virtual-Circuit Network = A path is established before sending data packets. Datagram Network = Packets are routed independently without establishing a path. Connection-Oriented Network = A network that establishes a path before sending data packets. Connectionless Network = A network that routes packets independently without establishing a path.

<p>Number of Hops = The number of routers from the source to the destination. Geographic Distance = The distance in kilometers between the source and destination. Propagation Delay = The time it takes for a packet to travel from the source to the destination. Shortest Path = The path with the least propagation delay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Router = Deciding which output line an incoming packet should be transmitted on. Routing Algorithm = Measuring path length and deciding the optimal path. Network Layer = Implementing connectionless and connection-oriented services. ECHO Packet = Sending special packets to measure propagation delay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance Vector Routing = Uses HELLO packets to discover neighbors Link State Routing = Updates routing table by exchanging information with neighbors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HELLO packet = Used to discover neighbors and learn their network addresses ECHO packet = Used to set the distance or cost metric to neighbors Timestamp packet = Used to update the routing table Sequence packet = Used to avoid sending duplicate packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance Vector Routing = Routers must send ECHO packets to neighbors Link State Routing = Routers must use a hop counter to prevent packet duplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hop counter = Prevents packet duplication by decrementing at each hop Sequence number = Avoids sending duplicate packets IP address = Identifies the source or destination of a packet Timestamp = Used to estimate the distance to a destination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance Vector Routing = Updates routing table by sending HELLO packets to neighbors Link State Routing = Updates routing table by timestamping packets</p> Signup and view all the answers