Repeater in Computer Network Diagram Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a repeater in a LAN?

To check the MAC addresses of incoming frames

To filter out corrupted packets and forward only error-free packets

To assign IP addresses to stations in the LAN

To regenerate and retime the original bit pattern of incoming signals (correct)

What happens to a packet arriving at a hub from station A to station B?

It is broadcast to all stations except the one that sent it (correct)

It is filtered out if it contains corrupted data

It is discarded if the signal is weak

It is forwarded only to station B

At which layers of the OSI model does a link-layer switch operate?

Physical and network layers

Network and transport layers

Data-link and network layers

Physical and data-link layers (correct)

What does a link-layer switch do when it receives a frame with a destination MAC address not in its table?

It sends the frame to all ports except the one it received it from Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a link-layer switch's table?

To map MAC addresses to corresponding ports Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a learning switch does not have an entry for a destination MAC address in its table?

It broadcasts the frame to all stations in the LAN Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Spanning Tree Algorithm in Step 2?

To find the shortest path from the root switch to every other switch or LAN Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the forwarding ports in the Spanning Tree Algorithm?

To forward a frame that the switch receives Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the blocking ports in the Spanning Tree Algorithm?

To block the frames received by the switch Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a router?

To operate in the physical, data-link, and network layers Signup and view all the answers

What is the technology used to connect the two LANs in the example given in Figure 17.9?

10 Gigabit Ethernet Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of applying the Spanning Tree Algorithm to a network?

A network with a shortest tree Signup and view all the answers

When a station moves from one VLAN to another, what happens to the broadcast messages it receives?

It receives broadcast messages only from the new VLAN Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of grouping stations in a VLAN?

To reduce the size of the broadcast domain Signup and view all the answers

What is the method by which stations are configured to belong to a VLAN?

By using a combination of manual and automatic configuration Signup and view all the answers

In a multi-switched backbone, how do switches communicate with each other to determine VLAN membership?

By using one of three methods: table maintenance, frame tagging, and time-division multiplexing Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the advantages of using VLANs in a network?

Reduced broadcast domain size Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic used to group stations in a VLAN, according to vendors?

The station's interface number or a combination of characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) in an organization?

To provide a temporarily assigned IP address to hosts or routers Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using Network Address Translation (NAT) in a small network?

It allows multiple hosts to share a single public IP address Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a router receives a packet while processing another packet?

The packet is stored in the input buffer waiting for its turn. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of packet loss on the Internet network layer?

The packet is resent, which may create overflow and cause more packet loss. Signup and view all the answers

How many bits are used for the Host ID in a 220.8.24.128/25 network?

7 bits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of congestion control?

To improve network performance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of sub-networks possible in a 220.8.24.128/25 network?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What are the two metrics used to measure the performance of a network in congestion control?

Delay and throughput. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of DHCP in relation to TCP/IP?

It is an application-layer protocol that helps with address assignment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using NAT in most situations?

To conserve IP addresses, since only a portion of computers need access to the Internet simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What are the two approaches to congestion control?

Preventing congestion before it happens or removing congestion after it has happened. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between congestion at the network layer and congestion at the transport layer?

The study of congestion at the network layer helps to better understand congestion at the transport layer. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Repeaters and Hubs

A repeater is a multiport device that receives a signal, regenerates and retimes the original bit pattern, and forwards the packet from all outgoing ports except the one from which the signal was received.
This process is called broadcasting, and all stations in the LAN receive the frame, but only the intended recipient keeps it.

Link-Layer Switches

A link-layer switch operates in both the physical and data-link layers, regenerating the signal it receives and checking the MAC addresses contained in the frame.
The switch forwards the frame only through the port that corresponds to the destination MAC address.
If the switch does not have an entry for the destination MAC address, it will broadcast the frame to all ports.

VLANs

VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) technology allows the grouping of stations connected to different switches in a VLAN.
Stations can be grouped based on characteristics such as interface numbers, port numbers, MAC addresses, IP addresses, IP multicast addresses, or a combination of two or more of these.
Stations are configured into VLANs manually, automatically, or semi-automatically.
In a multi-switched backbone, each switch must know the membership status of stations connected to other switches, which can be achieved through table maintenance, frame tagging, or time-division multiplexing.
Advantages of VLANs include reducing packet loss, improving performance, and increasing security.

Congestion Control

Congestion control refers to the mechanisms and techniques used to control congestion and keep the load below the capacity of the network.
Congestion control involves two metrics: delay and throughput.
Congestion control techniques can either prevent congestion before it happens or remove congestion after it has happened.

Network Address Translation (NAT)

NAT enables a user to have a large set of addresses internally and a small set of addresses externally.
NAT provides the mapping between private and universal addresses, supporting virtual private networks.

Spanning Tree Algorithm

The Spanning Tree Algorithm is used to prevent loops in a network.
Step 1: Select a root switch.
Step 2: Find the shortest path from the root switch to every other switch or LAN.
Step 3: Mark the ports that are part of the spanning tree (forwarding ports) and those that are not part of the spanning tree (blocking ports).

Routers

A router is a three-layer device that operates in the physical, data-link, and network layers.
Routers can be used to connect multiple LANs to form a larger LAN.

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Description

Learn about the role of repeaters and hubs in a network, how they receive and regenerate signals, and how they forward packets to all outgoing ports. Understand the concept of broadcasting and its significance in networking.

Network Fundamentals: Repeater and Hub

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