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Questions and Answers
What is one of the destinations for syslog messages?
What is one of the destinations for syslog messages?
- CPU cache
- Logging buffer (correct)
- Flash memory
- Router firmware
Which command is used to view file systems on a Cisco device?
Which command is used to view file systems on a Cisco device?
- list file systems
- show storage
- show file systems (correct)
- show disk usage
What is the format of a syslog message in Cisco IOS software?
What is the format of a syslog message in Cisco IOS software?
- %severity-MNEMONIC-facility: description
- %facility-severity-MESSAGE: detail
- %MNEMONIC-severity-facility: report
- %facility-severity-MNEMONIC: description (correct)
How can configuration files be saved to a text file?
How can configuration files be saved to a text file?
What command would you use to save the running configuration to a TFTP server?
What command would you use to save the running configuration to a TFTP server?
What kind of information can syslog facilities categorize?
What kind of information can syslog facilities categorize?
What command forces logged events to display the date and time on Cisco devices?
What command forces logged events to display the date and time on Cisco devices?
What is the benefit of storing Cisco IOS images on a central TFTP server?
What is the benefit of storing Cisco IOS images on a central TFTP server?
What is the purpose of the snmpget utility?
What is the purpose of the snmpget utility?
Why might network operations staff prefer a GUI over long MIB variable names?
Why might network operations staff prefer a GUI over long MIB variable names?
What does the Cisco SNMP Navigator allow network administrators to do?
What does the Cisco SNMP Navigator allow network administrators to do?
What is UDP port 514 used for in Syslog?
What is UDP port 514 used for in Syslog?
Which of the following objectives is part of the Network Monitoring Software lab?
Which of the following objectives is part of the Network Monitoring Software lab?
What is a potential disadvantage of long MIB variable names?
What is a potential disadvantage of long MIB variable names?
What is an example of the objectives in the Network Monitoring Lab?
What is an example of the objectives in the Network Monitoring Lab?
Which statement best describes the primary function of Syslog?
Which statement best describes the primary function of Syslog?
What advantage does using a network management product with a GUI provide?
What advantage does using a network management product with a GUI provide?
In what way does Syslog operate?
In what way does Syslog operate?
What purpose does the get-next-request serve in SNMP operations?
What purpose does the get-next-request serve in SNMP operations?
Which SNMP request type is specifically designed to handle large blocks of data?
Which SNMP request type is specifically designed to handle large blocks of data?
How does an SNMP agent respond after a successful set-request?
How does an SNMP agent respond after a successful set-request?
What is the function of traps in SNMP?
What is the function of traps in SNMP?
Which SNMP operation allows the network manager to change the value of a MIB variable?
Which SNMP operation allows the network manager to change the value of a MIB variable?
What is one of the primary functions of the syslog logging service?
What is one of the primary functions of the syslog logging service?
What is a potential destination for captured syslog messages?
What is a potential destination for captured syslog messages?
Which type of messages can be specified to be sent by network administrators?
Which type of messages can be specified to be sent by network administrators?
What happens to syslog messages sent to the internal buffer?
What happens to syslog messages sent to the internal buffer?
What severity level is associated with the message indicating that the system is unusable?
What severity level is associated with the message indicating that the system is unusable?
Which of the following correctly describes syslog messages?
Which of the following correctly describes syslog messages?
Which of the following is NOT a popular destination for syslog messages?
Which of the following is NOT a popular destination for syslog messages?
What is a common function of the syslog protocol?
What is a common function of the syslog protocol?
Which action is NOT performed by the syslog service?
Which action is NOT performed by the syslog service?
What does syslog configuration allow concerning message capture?
What does syslog configuration allow concerning message capture?
What is the purpose of Stratum 1 devices in a network time protocol (NTP) setup?
What is the purpose of Stratum 1 devices in a network time protocol (NTP) setup?
What command is used to configure an NTP server on a Cisco device?
What command is used to configure an NTP server on a Cisco device?
What is indicated when the 'show clock detail' command states that the time source is 'NTP'?
What is indicated when the 'show clock detail' command states that the time source is 'NTP'?
Stratum 2 devices can also act as time servers for which group of devices?
Stratum 2 devices can also act as time servers for which group of devices?
Which command would you execute to change the NTP source from user configuration to NTP synchronization?
Which command would you execute to change the NTP source from user configuration to NTP synchronization?
What will happen if two time servers on the same stratum level are configured as peers?
What will happen if two time servers on the same stratum level are configured as peers?
What does the 'show clock' command display on a Cisco device?
What does the 'show clock' command display on a Cisco device?
What is the significance of having multiple Stratum 2 servers in a network?
What is the significance of having multiple Stratum 2 servers in a network?
When might you typically see the 'user configuration' as the time source?
When might you typically see the 'user configuration' as the time source?
What type of devices can Stratum 3 servers provide time to in an NTP hierarchy?
What type of devices can Stratum 3 servers provide time to in an NTP hierarchy?
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Study Notes
Syslog and Syslog Message Format
- Syslog sends event notification messages across IP networks using UDP port 514.
- It gathers logging info for monitoring and troubleshooting network devices.
- Syslog messages can be customized to send different types of information to specific destinations.
- Destinations include: logging buffer, console line, terminal line, and syslog server.
- Cisco devices generate syslog messages based on network events, including severity level and facility.
- Severity Levels:
- Emergency: level 0, system unusable
- Facility:
- IP
- OSPF protocol
- SYS operating system
- IPsec
- IF
- The default format for Syslog messages on Cisco IOS is
%facility-severity-MNEMONIC: description.
NTP Configure and Verify
- The
show clockcommand displays the current time on the software clock. - The
ntp server ip-addresscommand configures the NTP server for a router. - The
show clock detailcommand verifies the time source is set to NTP.
SNMP Get & Set Requests
- SNMP uses messages to interact with network devices.
Get-Request: Retrieves a value from a specific variable in the Management Information Base (MIB)Get-Next-Request: Retrieves a value from a variable within a table in the MIB.Get-Bulk-Request: Retrieve large blocks of data, such as multiple rows in a table.Set-Request: Stores a value in a specific variable in the MIB.
SNMP Agent Traps
- Traps are unsolicited messages that alert SNMP managers to a condition or event on the network.
- This reduces network and agent resources by eliminating some SNMP polling requests.
- Examples of events that trigger traps are interface failures.
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