Network Core and Routing Principles
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes packet switching?

  • Data is broken into packets that are routed independently. (correct)
  • A dedicated line is allocated for each call.
  • Data is transmitted in a continuous stream.
  • All connections are made through a central server.
  • In queuing delay, packets can be dropped if the memory buffer is full.

    True

    What two key functions are performed in the network core?

    Routing and forwarding

    The _____ is responsible for determining the route packets take from source to destination.

    <p>routing algorithm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Security = Measures taken to protect data integrity and confidentiality Performance = Metrics such as loss, delay, and throughput Packet Switching = Sending data as discrete packets Routing Algorithms = Methods to determine the optimal paths for data transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily responsible for connecting end systems to an edge router?

    <p>Wired and wireless communication links</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The core of the Internet consists of isolated networks with no routers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of hosts in a network?

    <p>Clients and servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ network provides a connection to a national or global ISP.

    <p>access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Packet Switching = Technique for dividing data into packets for transmission Routing Algorithms = Processes that determine optimal data paths in a network Network Performance = Measurement of data transmission quality and speed Security in Networks = Measures taken to protect data during transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Network Core

    • The network core is made up of interconnected routers.
    • Packet-switching: Host computers break application-layer messages into packets.
    • Each packet is forwarded from one router to the next across links along the path from source to destination.
    • Packets are transmitted at the full link capacity.
    • With store-and-forward packet switching, the entire packet must arrive at a router before it can be transmitted on the next link.
    • Queueing delay: Occurs when the packet arrival rate on a link exceeds the transmission rate.
    • Packets queue up, waiting to be transmitted on the link.
    • Packet loss can occur if the memory (buffer) for the queue fills up.

    Routing and Forwarding

    • Routing: Determines the source-destination route taken by packets.
    • Forwarding: Moves packets from a router's input to the appropriate router output.
    • A routing algorithm determines a local forwarding table which stores information about the output link for each destination address.

    Circuit Switching

    • Circuit switching is an alternative core network model.
    • Resources are allocated and reserved for a "call" between the source and destination.
    • This is in contrast to packet-switching where there is no pre-allocation of resources.

    Internet Structure

    • The internet structure is made up of three key components:
      • Network edge: Hosts (clients and servers) connected to data centers.
      • Access Networks: Wired and wireless networks used to connect hosts to the edge router.
      • Network core: Interconnected routers forming a network of networks.

    Access Networks and Physical Media

    • Access Networks connect end systems to the edge router.
    • Physical media used for access networks include:
      • Wired (e.g., Ethernet cable, fiber optic cable)
      • Wireless (e.g., Wi-Fi)

    Delays in Network Communication

    • Transmission Delay: Time required to push all of a packet's bits into the link.
    • Propagation Delay: Time for the first bit of a packet to travel from the beginning of the link to the destination router. This depends on the physical medium and the distance traveled.
    • Queueing Delay: Delay experienced by packets waiting in a queue to be transmitted on a link. It depends on the average packet arrival rate and the link bandwidth.

    Measuring Delays and Routes

    • The traceroute program can measure delays between the sender and routers along a network path to a destination.
    • It sends three packets to each router and times the interval between transmission and reply.
    • The results provide insights into the delays and the route taken by packets.

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    Description

    Explore the complex world of network architecture with this quiz focusing on the network core and the essential concepts of routing and forwarding. Test your understanding of packet-switching, queueing delays, and the role of routing algorithms in directing packets from source to destination.

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