Network Communication & File Transfer Protocols

• Protocols facilitate communication and data transfer using predefined rules and formats.

Network Communication Protocols

• Enable communication between devices across a network.
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) ensures reliable data transmission.
• TCP breaks data into packets, and IP routes packets to the correct destination.
• UDP (User Datagram Protocol) provides faster but less reliable data transmission than TCP and is used in live streaming, VoIP, and online gaming.
• ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) sends error messages and diagnostic information; used in the ping command.
• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) maps an IP address to a MAC address, helping devices locate each other in a LAN.

File Transfer Protocols

• Used for sending and receiving files between devices
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) transfers files between computers over a network, requiring a username and password for access.
• SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) is a secure version of FTP that encrypts data transfer.
• TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is a simple, lightweight version of FTP without security features, used for network device configuration updates.

Email Communication Protocols

• Facilitate sending, receiving, and managing emails.
• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) sends emails from a client to a server or between mail servers.
• POP3 (Post Office Protocol v3) downloads emails from a server to a local device and then deletes them from the server.
• IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) allows emails to be stored on a server and accessed from multiple devices.

Web Communication Protocols

• Used for browsing and transferring web data
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) transfers web pages and other content between a server and a browser.
• HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is a secure version of HTTP with encryption for secure web browsing.

Network Security Protocols

• Ensure safe data transmission over a network.
• SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer / Transport Layer Security) encrypts data to secure communication over the web; used in HTTPS, online banking, and secure messaging.
• IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) provides secure communication by encrypting and authenticating IP packets; used in VPNs.
• Kerberos is an authentication protocol that provides secure access to network resources.

Wireless Communication Protocols

• Handle wireless data transmission.
• Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) enables wireless networking over radio waves.
• Bluetooth is used for short-range wireless communication between devices.
• NFC (Near Field Communication) is used in contactless payments and data exchange between close-range devices.

Remote Access Protocols

• Allow users to access network resources remotely.
• SSH (Secure Shell) provides encrypted remote access to network devices.
• Telnet allows remote access but lacks encryption.
• RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is used by Microsoft for remote desktop connections.

Routing Protocols

• Determine the best path for data transmission in a network.
• RIP (Routing Information Protocol) operates as a basic distance-vector routing protocol in small networks.
• OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol in larger networks for efficient routing.
• BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is used to route data between different networks on the Internet.