2.2 – Network Devices: Network Devices
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a router in a network?

  • To forward traffic between different IP subnets (correct)
  • To store data packets temporarily
  • To forward traffic based on MAC addresses
  • To enhance wireless connectivity

A switch operates at layer 2 of the OSI model.

True (A)

What is a layer 3 switch?

A switch that has routing functionality to forward traffic between different IP subnets.

A device that combines switching and routing functions is often referred to as a __________.

<p>layer 3 switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of a switch?

<p>To forward traffic based on destination MAC addresses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Routers are primarily used to connect devices within the same Local Area Network (LAN).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following devices with their descriptions:

<p>Router = Forwards traffic using IP addresses Switch = Forwards traffic using MAC addresses Layer 3 switch = Combines switching and routing functions SOHO router = Home networking device combining multiple functionalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does POE stand for in networking?

<p>Power Over Ethernet</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does DOCSIS stand for?

<p>Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DSL provides faster upload speeds than download speeds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What device is used to connect to a fiber network?

<p>ONT (Optical Network Terminal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The standard speed for typical DSL connections usually ranges around _____ megabits down and _____ megabits up.

<p>52, 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each connection type with its corresponding characteristic:

<p>Cable = Supports multiple services over a single connection DSL = Asymmetric speeds favoring downloads Fiber = Uses Optical Network Terminal (ONT) Ethernet = Utilizes Network Interface Cards (NICs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically the responsibility of the user with regard to the demarcation point?

<p>All wiring inside the house up to the demarc (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A Network Interface Card (NIC) is only used for wireless connections.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limitation is often associated with DSL connections?

<p>Distance from Central Office (CO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The distinction between the ISP's network and the user's internal network is known as the _____ point.

<p>demarcation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a cable modem?

<p>Allows multiple traffic over a single wire (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of an unmanaged switch?

<p>It connects devices but offers minimal configuration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Managed switches allow for configuring different interfaces to be on completely different IP subnets.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protocol is commonly used by network administrators to query devices for performance information?

<p>Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An access point provides wireless connectivity for the local ______.

<p>network</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component allows flexibility in connecting different cables to a switch without altering the wiring?

<p>Patch Panel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An unmanaged switch supports SNMP capabilities for performance monitoring.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of switch with its characteristic:

<p>Unmanaged Switch = No configuration options Managed Switch = Supports SNMP and VLAN configurations Access Point = Bridges wired and wireless networks Patch Panel = Facilitates cable management</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cable is used with a patch panel that employs RJ45 connectors?

<p>Standard Ethernet cable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)?

<p>To prevent loops between switches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Firewalls can only allow traffic based on IP addresses.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When moving a connection from one switch to another, it is easier to use a ______ panel.

<p>patch</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Power Over Ethernet (POE) allow?

<p>It allows power and data to be transmitted over a single Ethernet cable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action can a managed switch perform that an unmanaged switch cannot?

<p>Both B and C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An access point performs network address translation (NAT) between wireless and wired networks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The original POE specification is called IEEE ______.

<p>802.3af</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following POE standards with their power output:

<p>IEEE 802.3af = 15.4 watts IEEE 802.3at = 25.5 watts POE++ Type 3 = 51 watts POE++ Type 4 = 71.3 watts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an access point in a network?

<p>To connect wireless devices to the wired network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the components with their connections:

<p>RJ45 Connectors = Front of the patch panel Devices = Back of the patch panel Unmanaged Switch = No VLAN support Managed Switch = Includes SNMP and STP support</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum current provided by the original POE standard, IEEE 802.3af?

<p>350 milliamps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hubs are considered intelligent devices.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A _______ switch typically lacks the capability to perform port mirroring.

<p>unmanaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using a switch over a hub in a network?

<p>Switches can intelligently forward data to specific devices, improving efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does VLAN stand for?

<p>Virtual Local Area Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

Devices connected to an unmanaged switch can be placed on different VLANs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a switch does not support POE, a __________ can be used to inject power into the Ethernet cable.

<p>POE injector</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which OSI Layer is traditionally associated with firewalls that filter traffic based on IP addresses and port numbers?

<p>Layer 4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All devices connected to a hub can communicate in full duplex mode.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of Power Over Ethernet?

<p>Access points and security cameras.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _______ provides an efficient way to forward data by directing it specifically to designated VLANs.

<p>switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a hub?

<p>It forwards data to all connected devices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Router

A network device that connects different IP subnets and forwards traffic based on the destination IP address.

Switch

A network device that connects devices on the same local network and forwards traffic based on the destination MAC address.

Layer 3 Switch

A type of switch that can also perform routing functions, making it capable of connecting different IP subnets.

Power Over Ethernet (PoE)

A technology that allows electrical power to be transmitted over Ethernet cables, providing power to connected devices.

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Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)

A specialized integrated circuit used in switches to handle traffic forwarding very efficiently.

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Layer 3 of the OSI Model

The layer of the OSI model where routers operate, responsible for logical addressing and routing.

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SOHO Router

A device that combines multiple network functions, such as switching, routing, and wireless access points, typically used in homes and small offices.

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Local Area Network (LAN)

A network that connects computers and devices within a limited geographical area, often a building or a home.

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What is a Cable Modem?

A device that allows internet access through cable television lines, supporting multiple services like data, phone, and video.

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What is DOCSIS?

A standard specifying how data is transmitted over cable networks, enabling high-speed internet.

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What is a DSL Modem?

A modem used over traditional telephone lines, enabling internet access through the same lines usually used for phone calls.

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What is an ADSL Modem?

A type of DSL modem where download speeds are faster than upload speeds, making it ideal for tasks like watching videos or downloading files.

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What is an ONT?

A device that connects your home to a fiber optic internet network, converting fiber signals to ethernet.

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What is a Demarc?

The boundary between the internet service provider's (ISP) network and your home network, where responsibility for network maintenance shifts.

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What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)?

A component within devices connecting to wired ethernet networks, enabling communication.

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What is a WAN NIC?

A type of NIC specifically designed for connecting to a wide area network (WAN) via serial connections, providing communication over long distances.

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What is a Wireless NIC?

A type of NIC that facilitates communication using wireless signals.

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What is a Bus Topology?

A type of network topology where devices are connected in a single linear path, creating a simple and straightforward network.

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Unmanaged Switch

A network device that connects devices together without offering any configuration options. It acts like a simple hub, forwarding data to all connected devices.

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Managed Switch

A switch that allows administrators to configure various settings, such as Virtual LANs (VLANs), network traffic prioritization, and error management.

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VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)

A network that allows devices to communicate securely, using separate logical networks for different groups of users.

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SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

A protocol used to manage and monitor network devices, allowing administrators to gather performance data and identify potential problems.

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Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

A protocol that prevents network loops, ensuring that data packets don't endlessly circulate between switches.

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Port Mirroring

A process that copies network traffic from one port of a switch to another port, allowing for network traffic analysis.

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Access Point (AP)

A device that provides wireless connectivity for a local network. It acts as a bridge between the wired and wireless networks, allowing devices to connect to the network without cables.

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Patch Panel

A physical panel used to organize network cables in a wiring closet, making it easier to manage and connect devices.

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RJ45 Connector

A communication interface that uses RJ45 connectors to connect devices to a network, usually found on switches and patch panels.

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Centralized Network Design

The physical layout of a network, where devices are arranged in a central location, facilitating connectivity for multiple users.

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Network Cabling Infrastructure

The process of connecting devices to a network, often done through physical cables running from devices to a central location.

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MAC Address

The unique address assigned to a device on a network, used to identify and communicate with that device.

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Firewall

A network device that acts as a gateway between your network and the internet, filtering traffic based on IP addresses and port numbers to enhance security.

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POE Injector

A device that delivers power to Ethernet cables for POE-enabled devices, often directly connected to a switch.

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IEEE 802.3af

A standard defining the original POE specification, providing 15.4 watts of DC power with 350 milliamps as the maximum current.

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IEEE 802.3at

An improved POE standard providing increased power (25.5 watts) and maximum current (600 milliamps) compared to the original specification.

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POE++ (IEEE 802.3bt)

A modern POE standard offering even higher power levels (up to 71.3 watts) and supporting 10 gigabit Ethernet devices.

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Hub (Multi-port Repeater)

A network device that simply repeats data to all connected devices without intelligence, leading to inefficient communication and half-duplex operation.

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Full Duplex

The ability for a network interface to send and receive data simultaneously, maximizing data transfer speed.

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Half Duplex

The ability for a network interface to send and receive data one at a time, limiting data transfer speed.

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Network Speed

The rate at which data is transmitted over a network connection, measured in megabits per second (Mbps).

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Hub (multiport repeater)

An older type of network device that is no longer commonly used in modern networks due to its limited features and efficiency

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Study Notes

Network Communication Devices

  • Many types of systems for network communication exist in data centers
  • Single-use devices (e.g., switches) or devices combining functionalities (e.g., SOHO routers) are common
    • SOHO routers combine switches, routers, and wireless access points in one device

Routers

  • Forwards traffic between different IP subnets
  • Uses IP addresses within packets to determine the next hop
  • Considered layer 3 devices due to layer 3 OSI model routing
  • Can connect different network types (LAN, WAN, copper, fiber)
  • Layer 3 switches are routers configured within switches

Switches

  • Used for copper cable connections (e.g., laptops, desktops)
  • Forwards traffic based on the destination MAC address within packets
  • High-speed forwarding due to hardware-based decisions
  • Often include Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) for faster throughput
  • Core switches may have tens or hundreds of interfaces
  • Power over Ethernet (POE) can be added for switch connection power
  • Layer 3 switches or multilayer switches can include routing functionality

Managed vs. Unmanaged Switches

  • Unmanaged switches provide basic connectivity without configuration options
    • All devices are on the same VLAN by default
    • Minimal integration with other protocols/devices
    • Typically lack SNMP capabilities
  • Managed switches are for offices/larger organizations and give additional capabilities:
    • Configure different interfaces on different VLANs
    • Prioritize traffic (e.g., VoIP over file transfer)
    • Enable Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) to prevent loops between switches
    • Provide port mirroring for troubleshooting
    • Often have SNMP capabilities for monitoring

Access Points

  • Provide wireless connectivity to the local network
  • Act as a bridge between wired and wireless networks
  • Forwarding decisions based on destination MAC addresses
  • Do not perform routing or NAT (Network Address Translation)

Patch Panels

  • Used for connecting devices to a central wiring closet
  • Permanent connections to desks
  • Allow for easy changes to connections (unplug, reposition, replug)
  • Reduce cable management issues during moves

Firewalls

  • Allow or disallow traffic based on IP addresses and port numbers
  • Can be layer 4 (based on TCP/UDP ports) or layer 7 (understanding application layer traffic)
  • Act as endpoints for encrypted tunnels, proxies for internet browsing, and routers in some cases depending on the device's features and requirements

Power Over Ethernet (POE)

  • Allows power transmission over Ethernet cables
  • Commonly used with access points, cameras, devices without direct power sources:
    • Endspan: POE directly from a switch
    • Midspan: POE injectors add power to the cable
    • Different POE standards (IEEE 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt) with varying voltage/current ratings provide varying power amounts. Different POE standards for varied requirements based on power needs for various devices.

Hubs

  • Now outdated, multi-port repeaters
  • Copy data from one interface to all other interfaces
  • Half-duplex communication
  • Performance declines with more devices due to retransmission limitations
  • Primarily found in older networks or in secondary/used markets

Cable Modems

  • For broadband internet via cable television lines
  • Multiple frequencies for multiple services (video, phone, internet)
  • Use DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification) protocol

DSL Modems

  • Use existing telephone lines for internet
  • Asymmetric speeds (download faster than upload)
  • Distance limitations from the Central Office (CO)
  • Typically include speeds in the 52 Mbps down and 16 Mbps up range (though specifics depend on user location and ISP offering).

Optical Network Terminals (ONTs)

  • Connect to fiber optic networks
  • Convert fiber signals to copper ethernet signals for home use
  • Located outside the premises (often demarcated) distinguishing service provider responsibility from your internal network

Network Interface Cards (NICs)

  • Provide wired/wireless connection for various network topologies
  • Crucial part for any device connected to a network

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Test your knowledge on various network communication devices such as routers and switches. This quiz covers their functionalities, roles in network architecture, and how they interact within data centers. Learn about single-use devices and multifunctional SOHO routers.

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