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Network Architecture Concepts
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Network Architecture Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is considered external hardware in a computer system?

  • Keyboard (correct)
  • Motherboard
  • Power supply
  • RAM

    • Which of the following is an example of internal hardware?

  • Monitor
  • Printer
  • CD Rom (correct)
  • Microphone

    • What distinguishes a computer user from a computer professional?

  • Users write software programs.
  • Users require extensive technical knowledge.
  • Users maintain computer systems.
  • Users perform tasks using the computer. (correct)

    • What is a primary characteristic of super computers?

    <p>They are used for complex scientific calculations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which computer type is best suited for large organizations handling centralized data?

    <p>Mainframe computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of computer is typically the most powerful and expensive?

    <p>Super computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of professionals are typically responsible for writing software programs?

    <p>System analysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about internal and external hardware is correct?

    <p>Internal hardware consists of components like the CPU.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a bus network?

    <p>If the bus line fails, the entire network fails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of a mesh network?

    <p>It can still function if one device fails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of network architecture does a server manage resources and clients connect to it?

    <p>Client-server network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of network architecture?

    <p>To design and illustrate the framework of a communication network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about peer-to-peer networks is accurate?

    <p>Each computer maintains its own resources independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for ensuring the functionality of a bus network?

    <p>A working bus line without any failures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a client-server network play in resource management?

    <p>The server takes on resource management responsibilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the interaction in a peer-to-peer network?

    <p>Each user directly accesses files on other users' devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of a Zink printer?

    <p>It uses special paper coated with colour dye crystals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes system software?

    <p>Software that controls hardware and provides a platform for application software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does an operating system play when a computer is switched on?

    <p>It gets loaded into RAM to prepare the computer for use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is an operating system essential for running application software?

    <p>It ensures software compatibility with hardware.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a function of an operating system?

    <p>Directly creating graphics content without software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of application software is:

    <p>Microsoft Office.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    3D printers are primarily used for:

    <p>Creating three-dimensional objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of network interface cards in a network?

    <p>To facilitate communication between each computer and the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which module acts as an intermediary between switches and routers?

    <p>Switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the operating system ensure when executing user requests?

    <p>All actions are valid and processed in an orderly manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does system topology refer to in a network architecture?

    <p>The arrangement of network hardware and cabling setup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was ARPANET, and why is it significant?

    <p>It was a project initiated by DARPA that led to the creation of the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the evolution of the internet?

    <p>The internet is a collection of autonomous computer networks and has grown extensively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many computers were initially connected to the ARPANET?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is necessary for controlling network traffic?

    <p>Router</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What service is essential for sharing information effectively over the internet?

    <p>File sharing protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of internet connection uses standard telephone lines?

    <p>DSL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?

    <p>To ensure internet connectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of internet connection is characterized as very fast and uses fibre-optic networks?

    <p>BoF or FTTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following browsers can be used to access the internet?

    <p>Safari</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be established for a computer to access the internet?

    <p>A network connectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential risk when visiting certain websites on the internet?

    <p>Exposure to malicious software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of cable internet connections?

    <p>Fast, direct via cable TV lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a user need to do to initiate a web search?

    <p>Type a URL into a web browser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Network Architecture

    • Network architecture is the design of a communication network
    • The two most common network architectures are client-server and peer-to-peer
    • Client-server networks are centralized with a main server. An example is Vodacom network
    • Peer-to-peer networks are decentralized. Each computer acts as a server to other computers in the network
    • Peer-to-peer networks use the internet but a central server can then be used to index the files

    Bus Line

    • The network acts as a central cable to which network devices are connected
    • Data is transmitted in a linear fashion between devices
    • If the bus line fails, the entire network will stop functioning

    Mesh Network

    • The mesh network uses multiple connections between devices
    • Data can travel various paths from source to destination
    • The network can still function if one device fails
    • Mesh networks are often used for wireless networks

    External Hardware

    • Anything connected to the computer externally is considered external hardware
    • Examples: keyboard, mouse, system unit (computer case), monitor, microphones, speakers, printer and external hard drives

    Internal Hardware

    • Components installed within the system unit are internal hardware
    • Examples: motherboard, central processing unit, RAM, hard drive, CD Rom and power supply

    Computer Users and Professionals

    • Computer users are people who use the computer. Often called end-users.
    • Computer professionals are programmers who create the programs for the users.
    • Examples of computer professionals include system analysts, computer operations personnel, security specialists and developers

    Types of Computers

    • Super computers: High performance computers with fast processing speed. Used for complex scientific calculations and 3D graphics rendering
    • Mainframe Computers: Large, centralized computers that support hundreds or thousands of PCs. Used by large organizations with a lot of data
    • Embedded computers: Small, single-purpose computers built into other devices. Examples include microwaves, vending machines and cars.

    System Software (Operating Systems)

    • System software (operating software) is the core software responsible for managing the computer.
    • It controls hardware and provides a base for applications.
    • Operating systems load when the computer is turned on and prepare it for use.
    • After the operating system loads, it allows access to and manages applications.
    • Examples include Windows (for PCs), macOS (for Apple devices), Linux (open-source operating system).

    Functions of an Operating System

    • Acts as the middleman between the user, applications, and hardware
    • Configures hardware devices connected to the computer before allowing their usage

    Network Hardware

    • Network interface cards (NICs) connect computers to the network and facilitate data transfer
    • Switches act as intermediaries between switches and routers
    • Routers connect different networks

    Network Architecture

    • The network architecture and cabling set-up is referred to as the system topology
    • Network coverage is also considered

    The Internet

    • The internet is a global network of interconnected networks
    • Used by billions of people for communication and information sharing

    Evolution of the Internet

    • Began in 1969 as ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)
    • Started with only 4 computers

    Internet Connection Types

    • Dial-up
    • Cable
    • DSL
    • Satellite
    • Fixed wireless internet access
    • BoF or FTTP
    • Mobile wireless internet access
    • Wi-Fi hotspot

    Internet Service Provider (ISP)

    • An ISP provides connectivity to the internet
    • Main ISPs in South Africa are Telkom, Vodacom, MTN, Cell C, Internet Solutions, Hetzner and MWEB

    Setting up Your Computer for the Internet

    • You need a search engine to access the internet
    • Various browsers are used to access the internet, such as Safari, Mozilla Firefox, Opera and Chrome
    • When the browser opens a URL value can be typed into the top bar of the browser, such as yahoo, google and bing
    • It is important to be careful when browsing the internet as some websites may contain malicious software

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 5 Theory.pdf

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of network architecture, including client-server and peer-to-peer models. Learn about bus and mesh network topologies, and how external hardware plays a role in network functionality. This quiz covers key concepts essential for understanding network design.

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