Nervous Tissue Overview
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Questions and Answers

Where is nervous tissue located?

brain, spinal cord and nerves

What is the function of nervous tissue?

transmit signal (nerve impulses) across body; coordinate, regulate, integrate bodily functions

What are the characteristics of nervous tissues?

respond to changes in their surroundings; basic cell: neuron

What are some common cells in the nervous system?

<p>neurons, supporting cells (neuroglia), neural stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nervous system has ______ ability to repair itself.

<p>limited</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______ neurons don't reproduce themselves.

<p>mature</p> Signup and view all the answers

________ cells (located in the CNS) give rise to different types of cells.

<p>stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are characteristics of stem cells?

<p>self-renew; can differentiate into most types of neurons and glial cells; populate developing and degenerating regions of the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

More than _____ neurons.

<p>10 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of neurons?

<p>receive information, process it, and generate output</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a neuron?

<p>soma (perikaryon), dendrites, axons, presynaptic terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleus?

<p>control center, location of genetic material, guides metabolic activity within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the nucleus?

<p>soma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mitochondria?

<p>energy metabolism (i.e., synthesis of ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is mitochondria located?

<p>throughout cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum (rough) a.k.a Nissl substance?

<p>synthesizes and transports proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is endoplasmic reticulum (rough) located within a neuron?

<p>soma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is endoplasmic reticulum (smooth) located within a neuron?

<p>throughout cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum (smooth)?

<p>synthesizes and transports lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomes?

<p>protein and neurotransmitter synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are ribosomes located?

<p>throughout cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Golgi apparatus?

<p>packages neurotransmitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are Golgi apparatus located?

<p>soma</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chemical synapse consists of: the terminal button of the _____ containing the ________ that are released into _____ and travel across it to the ______ of the next neuron.

<p>axon, chemical messengers, synaptic gap, dendrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neurotransmitters are mostly produced where?

<p>soma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What terminal must the neurotransmitter be transported to?

<p>presynaptic terminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does anterograde refer to?

<p>from soma to terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does retrograde refer to?

<p>from terminals to soma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the only neurotransmitter that retrogrades?

<p>Nitric oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do neurotransmitters transport through?

<p>microtubules and intermediate fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Purkinje cell?

<p>a type of neuron in the cerebellum that controls fine motor movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pyramidal cell?

<p>a type of neuron located in the hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a double pyramidal cell?

<p>a type of neuron found in sensory organs in the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neurons can be classified according to their ______ or ______.

<p>function or structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional classification of neurons?

<p>sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons (association neurons)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is structural classification?

<p>unipolar neurons, bipolar neurons, multipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sensory or afferent neurons?

<p>neurons that emerge from the skin or sense organs and carry messages toward the spinal cord and brain; unipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are motor neurons or efferent neurons?

<p>neurons that carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands; multipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous Tissue Overview

  • Nervous tissue is located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
  • Its primary function is to transmit nerve impulses, coordinating and integrating bodily functions.

Characteristics of Nervous Tissue

  • Reacts to environmental changes.
  • Neurons are the basic functional units of nervous tissue.

Types of Cells in the Nervous System

  • Neurons: the smallest functional units in the nervous system.
  • Supporting cells, known as neuroglia.
  • Neural stem cells capable of differentiating into various cell types.

Repair and Regeneration

  • The mature nervous system has a limited ability to repair itself.
  • Mature neurons do not reproduce.

Stem Cells

  • Stem cells in the CNS can give rise to different cell types.
  • Key characteristics include self-renewal and differentiation into most neuron and glial types.

Neuron Facts

  • The human nervous system contains more than 10 billion neurons.
  • Neurons are responsible for receiving, processing information, and generating output.

Neuron Structure

  • Components include the soma (cell body), dendrites, axons, and presynaptic terminals.
  • The nucleus serves as the control center, housing genetic material and guiding metabolic activity.

Organelles in Neurons

  • Mitochondria are responsible for energy metabolism, primarily ATP synthesis, distributed throughout the cell.
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Nissl substance) synthesizes and transports proteins, located in the soma.
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes and transports lipids, found throughout the cell.
  • Ribosomes are responsible for protein and neurotransmitter synthesis, also located throughout the cell.
  • The Golgi apparatus packages neurotransmitters and is situated in the soma.

Chemical Synapses

  • A chemical synapse comprises the terminal button of the axon that contains neurotransmitters released into the synaptic gap, traveling to the dendrite of the following neuron.

Neurotransmitter Production

  • Neurotransmitters are primarily produced in the soma and transported to the presynaptic terminal via axoplasmic transport.

Axoplasmic Transport

  • Anterograde transport refers to movement from soma to terminals.
  • Retrograde transport indicates movement from terminals to soma, with nitric oxide as the only retrograde neurotransmitter.

Types of Neurons

  • Neurons can be classified by function (sensory, motor, interneurons) or structure (unipolar, bipolar, multipolar).
  • Sensory (afferent) neurons carry messages from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain, typically unipolar.
  • Motor (efferent) neurons transmit messages from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands, generally multipolar.
  • Associative (interneurons) function as connectors between sensory and motor pathways.

Specialized Cells

  • Purkinje cells in the cerebellum facilitate fine motor control and prevent jerky movements due to their extensive arborization.
  • Pyramidal cells are found in the hippocampus, while double pyramidal cells are located in retinal sensory organs.

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Description

Explore the fascinating characteristics and functions of nervous tissue in this quiz. From the basic structure of neurons to the types of cells in the nervous system, test your knowledge on how our bodies coordinate and integrate crucial functions. This quiz also delves into the repair mechanisms and regenerative capabilities of nervous tissue.

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