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Questions and Answers
A neuron with a single axon and multiple dendrites is classified as a ______ neuron.
A neuron with a single axon and multiple dendrites is classified as a ______ neuron.
multipolar
The grace to be accurate in your expositions shows the importance of ______ and clarity.
The grace to be accurate in your expositions shows the importance of ______ and clarity.
thoroughness
The histologic layers comprising the ______ can be microscopically identified.
The histologic layers comprising the ______ can be microscopically identified.
cerebellum
The part of the neuron that contains microtubules and mitochondria is the ______.
The part of the neuron that contains microtubules and mitochondria is the ______.
Anterior Horn of Human Spinal Cord is stained with ______ Blue.
Anterior Horn of Human Spinal Cord is stained with ______ Blue.
Myelinated nerve fibers prevent the loss of ______ impulse.
Myelinated nerve fibers prevent the loss of ______ impulse.
The ______ matter consists of ascending and descending fibers and is mostly myelinated.
The ______ matter consists of ascending and descending fibers and is mostly myelinated.
The histologic difference is observed between the gray matter in the ______ and that of the cerebellum.
The histologic difference is observed between the gray matter in the ______ and that of the cerebellum.
The functional unit of a nervous tissue is called a ______.
The functional unit of a nervous tissue is called a ______.
[Blank] cells myelinate and insulate CNS axons.
[Blank] cells myelinate and insulate CNS axons.
The outermost of the 3 meningeal layers is called ______ mater.
The outermost of the 3 meningeal layers is called ______ mater.
The peripheral nervous system contains ______, ganglia, and nerve endings.
The peripheral nervous system contains ______, ganglia, and nerve endings.
The ______ is equivalent to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
The ______ is equivalent to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
One key function of ______ is assisting in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
One key function of ______ is assisting in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
The sheet of connective tissue in contact with the dura mater is the ______ mater.
The sheet of connective tissue in contact with the dura mater is the ______ mater.
The phagocytes of the nervous tissue are called ______.
The phagocytes of the nervous tissue are called ______.
[Blank] are electrically insulates PNS cell bodies.
[Blank] are electrically insulates PNS cell bodies.
A key characteristic of unmyelinated nerve fibers in the PNS is that nodes of ranvier are ______.
A key characteristic of unmyelinated nerve fibers in the PNS is that nodes of ranvier are ______.
The lipoidal substance that covers the nerve fibers in the CNS and PNS is ______.
The lipoidal substance that covers the nerve fibers in the CNS and PNS is ______.
The region of the germ layer where the nervous tissue is derived from is the ______.
The region of the germ layer where the nervous tissue is derived from is the ______.
The cranial meninges are made up of dura mater, arachnoid mater and ______ mater.
The cranial meninges are made up of dura mater, arachnoid mater and ______ mater.
An ______ is the external coat of the nerve.
An ______ is the external coat of the nerve.
One of the key function of astrocytes is forming part of the ______ barrier.
One of the key function of astrocytes is forming part of the ______ barrier.
Dorsal and ventral horns are part of the ______ matter.
Dorsal and ventral horns are part of the ______ matter.
[Blank] neurons are specifically located in the dorsal root ganglion.
[Blank] neurons are specifically located in the dorsal root ganglion.
The area that surrounds each bundle of nerve is called ______.
The area that surrounds each bundle of nerve is called ______.
In Central Nervous System, Astrocytes replicate to occupy space of ______ neurons
In Central Nervous System, Astrocytes replicate to occupy space of ______ neurons
[Blank] matter contains sensory and motor nuclei.
[Blank] matter contains sensory and motor nuclei.
The Central Nervous System is made up of the brain and the ______ cord.
The Central Nervous System is made up of the brain and the ______ cord.
In Peripheral Nervous System, Schwann cell surrounds and insulate PNS ______ and myelinate those having large diameters.
In Peripheral Nervous System, Schwann cell surrounds and insulate PNS ______ and myelinate those having large diameters.
Electrical signals are transferred through the ______.
Electrical signals are transferred through the ______.
[Blank] are neuronal processes that receive input from other neurons.
[Blank] are neuronal processes that receive input from other neurons.
[Blank] are bundles of axons in the PNS.
[Blank] are bundles of axons in the PNS.
The area that surrounds individual nerve fibers is called ______.
The area that surrounds individual nerve fibers is called ______.
The system of loosely arranged trabeculae continuous with pia mater is the ______ mater.
The system of loosely arranged trabeculae continuous with pia mater is the ______ mater.
The ______ is the outer region of the brain and the inner region of the spinal cord.
The ______ is the outer region of the brain and the inner region of the spinal cord.
The peripheral nervous system's glial cells consists of satellite cells and ______ cells.
The peripheral nervous system's glial cells consists of satellite cells and ______ cells.
Myelinated axons allows faster ______ potential propagation.
Myelinated axons allows faster ______ potential propagation.
The two main regions of the brain and spinal cord are the ______ matter and the white matter.
The two main regions of the brain and spinal cord are the ______ matter and the white matter.
The skill to express oneself shows the importance of ______ and clarity.
The skill to express oneself shows the importance of ______ and clarity.
A neuron with a single axon and multiple dendrites is known as a ______ neuron.
A neuron with a single axon and multiple dendrites is known as a ______ neuron.
The germ layer where the nervous tissue is derived is the ______.
The germ layer where the nervous tissue is derived is the ______.
______ of the nervous tissue are phagocytes that move throughout the CNS removing debris and pathogens.
______ of the nervous tissue are phagocytes that move throughout the CNS removing debris and pathogens.
The functional unit of a nervous tissue is the ______.
The functional unit of a nervous tissue is the ______.
In myelinated nerve fibers, the ______ prevent loss of nerve impulse.
In myelinated nerve fibers, the ______ prevent loss of nerve impulse.
______ cells electrically insulate PNS cell bodies and regulate nutrient and waste exchange.
______ cells electrically insulate PNS cell bodies and regulate nutrient and waste exchange.
The outer region of the brain is composed of ______ matter, while the inner region of the spinal cord is composed of ______ matter.
The outer region of the brain is composed of ______ matter, while the inner region of the spinal cord is composed of ______ matter.
______ are glial cells which produce myelin in the central nervous system, insulating axons for faster signal transmission.
______ are glial cells which produce myelin in the central nervous system, insulating axons for faster signal transmission.
In the peripheral nervous system, axons are enclosed and insulated by ______ cells, which wrap around the nerve fibers.
In the peripheral nervous system, axons are enclosed and insulated by ______ cells, which wrap around the nerve fibers.
The brain's outermost layer, the ______, has a distinct structure with six layers, each containing different types of neurons and connections.
The brain's outermost layer, the ______, has a distinct structure with six layers, each containing different types of neurons and connections.
The ______, a component of the CNS, is characterized by myelinated fibers and glial cells, and it's responsible for transmitting signals over long distances.
The ______, a component of the CNS, is characterized by myelinated fibers and glial cells, and it's responsible for transmitting signals over long distances.
The ______, with its H-shaped structure, contains interneurons that receive sensory fibers, contributing to reflexes and sensory processing.
The ______, with its H-shaped structure, contains interneurons that receive sensory fibers, contributing to reflexes and sensory processing.
The ______ meninx, the outermost layer of the CNS's connective tissue, consists of thick, dense irregular connective tissue continuous with the periosteum of the skull.
The ______ meninx, the outermost layer of the CNS's connective tissue, consists of thick, dense irregular connective tissue continuous with the periosteum of the skull.
Located within the central nervous system, ______ are responsible for producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Located within the central nervous system, ______ are responsible for producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
The ______ surrounds each bundle of nerve fibers (fascicle) providing structural support and organization within a nerve.
The ______ surrounds each bundle of nerve fibers (fascicle) providing structural support and organization within a nerve.
The ______ in the peripheral nervous system have smaller diameter axons and are still intertwined with schwann cells, but they lack multiple myelin wrappings and visible nodes of Ranvier.
The ______ in the peripheral nervous system have smaller diameter axons and are still intertwined with schwann cells, but they lack multiple myelin wrappings and visible nodes of Ranvier.
Unlike their counterparts in the central nervous system, ______ in the peripheral nervous system myelinate only a single axon segment.
Unlike their counterparts in the central nervous system, ______ in the peripheral nervous system myelinate only a single axon segment.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum in neurons, known as ______, are essential for protein synthesis, especially of neurotransmitters.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum in neurons, known as ______, are essential for protein synthesis, especially of neurotransmitters.
The middle meningeal layer, known as the ______, is composed of two components: a sheet of connective tissue in contact with the dura mater, and a system of loosely arranged trabeculae continuous with pia mater.
The middle meningeal layer, known as the ______, is composed of two components: a sheet of connective tissue in contact with the dura mater, and a system of loosely arranged trabeculae continuous with pia mater.
In the cerebrum, the ______ consists of six distinct layers, each with unique arrangements of neurons and connections, showcasing a highly organized structure.
In the cerebrum, the ______ consists of six distinct layers, each with unique arrangements of neurons and connections, showcasing a highly organized structure.
The spinal cord consists of two ______, which contain sensory fibers from neurons and is the location for interneurons in the spinal cord.
The spinal cord consists of two ______, which contain sensory fibers from neurons and is the location for interneurons in the spinal cord.
In the central nervous system, supportive immune functions, clearing debris, and engulfing infectious agents is the role of ______.
In the central nervous system, supportive immune functions, clearing debris, and engulfing infectious agents is the role of ______.
The brain differs from the spinal cord in that the ______ matter is superficially located and the ______ matter is more centrally located.
The brain differs from the spinal cord in that the ______ matter is superficially located and the ______ matter is more centrally located.
Areas with a high concentration neuronal cell bodies and connections within the CNS are also known as ______.
Areas with a high concentration neuronal cell bodies and connections within the CNS are also known as ______.
A key feature of ______ is that the internodal segments contain nodes of ranvier and schwann segments.
A key feature of ______ is that the internodal segments contain nodes of ranvier and schwann segments.
Flashcards
Nissl Substance
Nissl Substance
Cytoplasmic granules in neurons, representing rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Axon Hillock
Axon Hillock
The region where the axon originates from the neuron's cell body.
Multipolar Neuron
Multipolar Neuron
A neuron with multiple dendrites and a single axon, the most common type in the CNS.
Bipolar Neuron
Bipolar Neuron
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Pseudounipolar Neuron
Pseudounipolar Neuron
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Synapse
Synapse
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Astrocytes
Astrocytes
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Oligodendrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
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Microglia
Microglia
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Ependymal Cells
Ependymal Cells
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Dura Mater
Dura Mater
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Arachnoid Mater
Arachnoid Mater
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Pia Mater
Pia Mater
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White Matter
White Matter
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Gray Matter
Gray Matter
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Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
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Cerebellum
Cerebellum
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Dorsal Horns
Dorsal Horns
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Ventral Horns
Ventral Horns
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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Schwann Cells
Schwann Cells
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Satellite Cells
Satellite Cells
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Epineurium
Epineurium
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Perineurium
Perineurium
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Endoneurium
Endoneurium
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Internodal Segments
Internodal Segments
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Study Notes
Overview of Nervous Tissue
- Neurons come in different types based on their structure.
- Neuroglial cells are found in both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- The brain and spinal cord have two main regions differentiated by their location and structural components.
- The cerebellum is composed of identifiable histologic layers.
- Myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers are microscopically distinguishable.
Morphology of a Typical Neuron
- Key components include dendrites, multipolar neurons, Nissl substance, axon hillock, and axons.
- White matter and gray matter of the anterior horn are the key structural elements.
- Nissl bodies, nucleus, and neuroglial nuclei are present.
- Purkinje neuron of the cerebellum has dendrites and dendritic spines.
- Glia is observed.
Cells of the Nervous Tissue: Neurons
- Multipolar neurons have multiple dendrites and one axon.
- Bipolar neurons have one dendrite and one axon.
- Unipolar neurons have a single process extending from the cell body.
- Anaxonic neurons have many dendrites but no axon.
- Pseudounipolar neurons include satellite cells and sensory neuron cell bodies.
Synapse Structure
- Nerve impulses travel from the axon of a presynaptic neuron.
- Calcium ions play a role in neurotransmitter release.
- Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters like acetylcholine (ACh).
- Mitochondria provides energy for synaptic activity.
Central Nervous System
- Central neuroglia consist of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.
- Astrocytes form part of the blood-brain barrier and regulate interstitial fluid composition.
- Oligodendrocytes myelinate and insulate CNS axons.
- Microglia acts as phagocytic cells within the CNS.
- Ependymal cells line brain ventricles and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- Astrocytes can be protoplasmic or fibrous.
Connective Tissue of the CNS
- The meninges have 3 layers:
- Dura mater is the outermost layer, thick and continuous with the skull's periosteum.
- Arachnoid mater is the middle layer having connective tissue sheets and loosely arranged trabeculae.
- Pia mater is the innermost layer consisting of flattened mesenchymal-derived cells.
Structures of the Central Nervous System
- White matter consists mostly of myelinated nerve fibers, as well as unmyelinated fibers and glial cells.
- Gray matter consists mostly of neuronal cell bodies, unmyelinated fibers, and neuroglial cells.
- The cerebrum has a pia mater, gray matter, and white matter.
- Cerebral cortex's layers are molecular, external granular, external pyramidal, internal granular, ganglionic, and multiform.
- Cerebellum consists of cerebellar cortex, molecular layer, granule cell layer, and white matter. Spinal Cord
- Has dorsal and ventral horns within the gray matter.
- White matter is peripherally located and consists of mostly myelinated fibers.
Peripheral Nervous System
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprises nerves, ganglia, and nerve endings.
- Schwann cells and satellite cells are the peripheral neuroglia.
Cells of the Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells in PNS
- Schwann cells surround axons in the PNS and can myelinate them.
- Satellite cells provide electrical insulation and regulate nutrient exchange for cell bodies in ganglia.
Connective Tissue of the PNS
- Epineurium is the external coat of a nerve.
- Perineurium surrounds each nerve bundle.
- Endoneurium surrounds individual nerve fibers.
Structures of the Peripheral Nervous System: Myelinated vs Unmyelinated Nerve Fibers
- Myelinated fibers are enclosed by a myelin sheath that prevents loss of nerve impulse
- Unmyelinated fibers lack myelin sheaths, have smaller diameter axons, and still have schwann cells.
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