Nervous Tissue and Neurons Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason why neurons have limited ability to repair post-injury?

  • They lack essential nutrients
  • They are sensitive to temperature changes
  • They have a short lifespan
  • They cannot divide (correct)

    • Which cell type is responsible for the homeostasis of nervous tissue?

  • Long-lived cells
  • Neurons
  • Glial cells (correct)
  • Short-lived cells

    • What distinguishes glial cells from neurons in terms of division ability?

  • Neurons can divide
  • Glial cells can divide (correct)
  • Neither glial cells nor neurons can divide
  • Both glial cells and neurons can divide

    • Which part of the neuron conducts impulses toward the cell body?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of axons in a neuron?

    <p>Conduct impulses away from the cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of the neuron's cell body?

    <p>Soma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron contains the cytoplasm and organelles necessary for cellular function?

    <p>Cell body (soma)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>Receiving signals from other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron is responsible for propagating action potentials and communicating with other cells?

    <p>Axon terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the axoplasm in a neuron?

    <p>Contains structural support, enzymes, and organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the axolemma in a neuron?

    <p>Covering the axoplasm and being exposed to interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of synaptic vesicles in neuronal communication?

    <p>Contain neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do neurotransmitters travel from the cell body to the axon terminal?

    <p>Via proteins such as kinesin and dynein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the axon terminal in neuronal communication?

    <p>Release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the synaptic cleft in neuronal communication?

    <p>Separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mitochondria in the axon terminal of a neuron?

    <p>Produce energy for cellular functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the central nervous system?

    <p>Multipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of neuron are dendrites and axons continuous with the cell body off to one side?

    <p>Unipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are anaxonic neurons primarily located?

    <p>Brain and special sense organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron has one axon and one dendrite with the cell body in the middle?

    <p>Bipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron may have axons that extend up to a meter and end in the central nervous system?

    <p>Unipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron forms the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Unipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the cell bodies of efferent (motor) nerves primarily located?

    <p>Spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue with no conscious control?

    <p>Autonomic motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of somatic sensory neurons?

    <p>Monitor outside world and our position within it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most interneurons located?

    <p>Brain, spinal cord, and autonomic ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proprioceptors?

    <p>Monitor position and movement of muscles and joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons form the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Multipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation target of autonomic motor neurons?

    <p>Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons deliver information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system?

    <p>Unipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of autonomic sensory neurons?

    <p>Monitor internal conditions and status of other organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microglia in the central nervous system?

    <p>Engulfing cellular debris and pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which embryonic origin do microglia stem cells develop?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of oligodendrocytes in the nervous system?

    <p>Producing myelin sheath around axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural organization provided by oligodendrocytes in the nervous system?

    <p>Myelinating segments of several axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the appearance of microglia in the central nervous system?

    <p>Spider-like and capable of migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes oligodendrocytes from Schwann cells in the nervous system?

    <p>Producing myelin sheath around axons in the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ependymal cells in the central nervous system?

    <p>Assist in producing, monitoring, and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

    <p>Maintain the blood-brain barrier and provide structural support for neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ependymocytes in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Assist in the circulation of CSF with motile cilia and microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes astrocytes from other neuroglia in the central nervous system?

    <p>Each astrocyte has its own territory with no overlap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microfilaments in astrocytes?

    <p>Maintain a structural framework for neurons of the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ependymal cells in the central nervous system?

    <p>Assist in producing, monitoring, and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system forms sheaths around peripheral axons in a jelly-roll like fashion?

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system can only myelinate one segment of a single axon?

    <p>Shawnn cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system encloses segments of several unmyelinated axons?

    <p>Nonmyelinating Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are characterized by having a high number of voltage-gated ion channels and using propagating action potentials to initiate their responses?

    <p>Excitable cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period is the nerve excitability completely lost, and no stimulus can excite the nerve?

    <p>Absolute refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells generally use only small changes in membrane potential to initiate their responses?

    <p>Nonexcitable cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of nerve excitability during the relative refractory period?

    <p>Nerve excitability is only partially recovered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells have few voltage-gated ion channels and generally use only small changes in membrane potential to initiate their responses?

    <p>non excitable cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to nerve excitability during an action potential?

    <p>It is completely lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What corresponds to the remaining part of the descending limb of repolarization and hyperpolarization?

    <p>Relative refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are characterized by conducting graded potentials and not being able to conduct action potentials?

    <p>Nonexcitable cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neuron Repair and Homeostasis

    • Neurons have a limited ability to repair post-injury primarily due to their complex structure and lack of regenerative capability.
    • Astrocytes maintain homeostasis in nervous tissue, providing support and regulation.

    Neuron Structure

    • Dendrites conduct impulses toward the cell body, playing a crucial role in receiving signals.
    • Axons are responsible for transmitting action potentials and communicating with other cells.
    • The neuron's cell body, primarily located in the CNS, contains the nucleus and essential organelles.
    • Cytoplasm and organelles necessary for cellular function are found within the neuron cell body.

    Neuronal Communication

    • Dendrites function to receive signals and transmit them to the cell body.
    • Axoplasm supports the transportation of materials and provides a medium within axons.
    • The axolemma acts as a barrier and participates in active transport processes along the axon.
    • Synaptic vesicles store neurotransmitters and release them into the synaptic cleft during communication.
    • Neurotransmitters travel from the cell body to the axon terminal through axonal transport.
    • The axon terminal is crucial for transmitting signals to other neurons or target cells.
    • The synaptic cleft is the space between neurons where neurotransmitter exchange occurs.
    • Mitochondria in the axon terminal provide ATP necessary for neurotransmitter release and cellular activities.

    Neuron Types and Functions

    • Multipolar neurons, most common in the CNS, have multiple dendrites and one axon.
    • Unipolar neurons have a continuous dendrite and axon with the cell body off to one side.
    • Anaxonic neurons are mainly found in the brain and are involved in local processing.
    • Bipolar neurons consist of one axon and one dendrite, with the cell body located between them.
    • Motor neurons, especially those in the CNS, can have axons that extend long distances, sometimes over a meter.
    • Afferent neurons carry sensory information to the CNS, forming part of the peripheral nervous system.
    • Efferent (motor) neurons primarily originate from the CNS and innervate muscles and glands.
    • Autonomic motor neurons innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands, functioning without conscious control.
    • Somatic sensory neurons convey information from sensory receptors to the CNS.
    • Proprioceptors provide feedback about body position and movement.

    Neuroglia Functions

    • Microglia serve as immune cells within the CNS, responding to injury and disease.
    • Oligodendrocytes produce myelin, providing insulation for CNS axons and supporting structural organization.
    • Ependymal cells produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), lining the ventricles and central canal.
    • Astrocytes play a multifaceted role, supporting neuronal metabolism and maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity.
    • Microfilaments in astrocytes provide structural support and aid in cell signaling.

    Peripheral Nervous System Support

    • Schwann cells form myelin sheaths around peripheral axons, enabling faster signal conduction.
    • Each Schwann cell myelinates a single segment of one axon, whereas satellite cells support unmyelinated axons.

    Cell Excitability

    • Cells with a high density of voltage-gated ion channels conduct action potentials rapidly.
    • During the absolute refractory period, nerve excitability is completely lost, and no stimulus can initiate an action potential.
    • Relative refractory period allows for stronger-than-usual stimuli to evoke an action potential.
    • Cells with few voltage-gated ion channels exhibit graded potentials and rely on small membrane potential changes for responses.

    Action Potentials and Repolarization

    • Nerve excitability fluctuates during an action potential, with a rapid depolarization followed by repolarization.
    • Graded potentials do not conduct action potentials and are characteristically slower, adapting to local signals.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of nervous tissue and neurons with this quiz. Learn about the structure and function of neurons, their dependence on oxygen and glucose, and the role of glial cells in maintaining the homeostasis of nervous tissue.

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