54 Questions
What is the main reason why neurons have limited ability to repair post-injury?
They cannot divide
Which cell type is responsible for the homeostasis of nervous tissue?
Glial cells
What distinguishes glial cells from neurons in terms of division ability?
Glial cells can divide
Which part of the neuron conducts impulses toward the cell body?
Dendrites
What is the main function of axons in a neuron?
Conduct impulses away from the cell body
What is the primary location of the neuron's cell body?
Soma
Which part of the neuron contains the cytoplasm and organelles necessary for cellular function?
Cell body (soma)
What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?
Receiving signals from other neurons
Which part of the neuron is responsible for propagating action potentials and communicating with other cells?
Axon terminals
What is the main function of the axoplasm in a neuron?
Contains structural support, enzymes, and organelles
What is the purpose of the axolemma in a neuron?
Covering the axoplasm and being exposed to interstitial fluid
What is the role of synaptic vesicles in neuronal communication?
Contain neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft
How do neurotransmitters travel from the cell body to the axon terminal?
Via proteins such as kinesin and dynein
What is the main function of the axon terminal in neuronal communication?
Release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
What is the role of the synaptic cleft in neuronal communication?
Separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic cells
What is the function of mitochondria in the axon terminal of a neuron?
Produce energy for cellular functions
Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the central nervous system?
Multipolar
In which type of neuron are dendrites and axons continuous with the cell body off to one side?
Unipolar
Where are anaxonic neurons primarily located?
Brain and special sense organs
Which type of neuron has one axon and one dendrite with the cell body in the middle?
Bipolar
Which type of neuron may have axons that extend up to a meter and end in the central nervous system?
Unipolar
Which type of neuron forms the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system?
Unipolar neurons
Where are the cell bodies of efferent (motor) nerves primarily located?
Spinal cord
Which type of neurons innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue with no conscious control?
Autonomic motor neurons
What is the primary function of somatic sensory neurons?
Monitor outside world and our position within it
Where are most interneurons located?
Brain, spinal cord, and autonomic ganglia
What is the role of proprioceptors?
Monitor position and movement of muscles and joints
Which type of neurons form the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system?
Multipolar neurons
What is the innervation target of autonomic motor neurons?
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue
Which type of neurons deliver information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system?
Unipolar neurons
What is the primary function of autonomic sensory neurons?
Monitor internal conditions and status of other organs
What is the primary function of microglia in the central nervous system?
Engulfing cellular debris and pathogens
From which embryonic origin do microglia stem cells develop?
Mesoderm
What is the main function of oligodendrocytes in the nervous system?
Producing myelin sheath around axons
What is the structural organization provided by oligodendrocytes in the nervous system?
Myelinating segments of several axons
Which of the following best describes the appearance of microglia in the central nervous system?
Spider-like and capable of migration
What distinguishes oligodendrocytes from Schwann cells in the nervous system?
Producing myelin sheath around axons in the CNS
What is the main function of ependymal cells in the central nervous system?
Assist in producing, monitoring, and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What is the primary function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?
Maintain the blood-brain barrier and provide structural support for neurons
What is the role of ependymocytes in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Assist in the circulation of CSF with motile cilia and microvilli
What distinguishes astrocytes from other neuroglia in the central nervous system?
Each astrocyte has its own territory with no overlap
What is the function of microfilaments in astrocytes?
Maintain a structural framework for neurons of the brain and spinal cord
What is the main function of ependymal cells in the central nervous system?
Assist in producing, monitoring, and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Which type of neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system forms sheaths around peripheral axons in a jelly-roll like fashion?
Schwann cells
Which type of neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system can only myelinate one segment of a single axon?
Shawnn cells
Which type of neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system encloses segments of several unmyelinated axons?
Nonmyelinating Schwann cells
What type of cells are characterized by having a high number of voltage-gated ion channels and using propagating action potentials to initiate their responses?
Excitable cells
During which period is the nerve excitability completely lost, and no stimulus can excite the nerve?
Absolute refractory period
Which cells generally use only small changes in membrane potential to initiate their responses?
Nonexcitable cells
What is the characteristic of nerve excitability during the relative refractory period?
Nerve excitability is only partially recovered
What type of cells have few voltage-gated ion channels and generally use only small changes in membrane potential to initiate their responses?
non excitable cells
What happens to nerve excitability during an action potential?
It is completely lost
What corresponds to the remaining part of the descending limb of repolarization and hyperpolarization?
Relative refractory period
Which cells are characterized by conducting graded potentials and not being able to conduct action potentials?
Nonexcitable cells
Test your knowledge of nervous tissue and neurons with this quiz. Learn about the structure and function of neurons, their dependence on oxygen and glucose, and the role of glial cells in maintaining the homeostasis of nervous tissue.
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