Test Your Knowledge on Excitable Cells and Action Potentials

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Questions and Answers

What is depolarization?

  • When the inside of the cell becomes more negative
  • When the outside of the cell becomes more negative
  • When the inside of the cell becomes less negative (correct)
  • When the outside of the cell becomes less negative

What is depolarization?

  • When the inside of the cell becomes more negative
  • When the outside of the cell becomes more negative
  • When the inside of the cell becomes less negative (correct)
  • When the outside of the cell becomes less negative

Which of the following is a macronutrient essential for microbial growth?

  • Sodium (correct)
  • Iron
  • Copper
  • Zinc

What are graded potentials?

<p>Small, transient changes in membrane potential proportional to the stimulus. (B)</p>
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What are graded potentials?

<p>Small, transient changes in membrane potential proportional to the stimulus (B)</p>
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What is the term used to describe the amount of water available for microbial growth?

<p>Water activity (C)</p>
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What produces depolarizing graded potentials?

<p>Excitatory stimuli. (B)</p>
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What produces hyperpolarizing graded potentials?

<p>Inhibitory stimuli (B)</p>
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Which type of solution affects water movement and can have an impact on microbial growth?

<p>Isotonic (A)</p>
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What is the threshold?

<p>The value that the depolarizing graded potential must reach to trigger an action potential. (B)</p>
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What is the threshold for an action potential?

<p>The value that the depolarizing graded potential must reach to trigger an action potential (C)</p>
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What is the depolarizing phase of an action potential?

<p>Between threshold and the peak of the action potential (B)</p>
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What is the depolarizing phase?

<p>The phase between threshold and the peak of the action potential. (C)</p>
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What is repolarization?

<p>When the membrane potential returns to the resting state after an action potential (C)</p>
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What is repolarization?

<p>When the membrane potential returns to the resting state after an action potential. (B)</p>
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What is hyperpolarization?

<p>When the inside of the cell becomes more negative than the resting state (C)</p>
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What is the undershoot in an action potential called?

<p>The hyperpolarizing phase (C)</p>
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Study Notes

  • Excitable cells are polarized with a negative inside and different outside.
  • Depolarization is when the inside of the cell becomes less negative.
  • Graded potentials are small, transient changes in membrane potential proportional to the stimulus.
  • Depolarizing graded potentials are produced by excitatory stimuli and hyperpolarizing graded potentials are produced by inhibitory stimuli.
  • Action potentials are large, fast changes in membrane potential elicited by a large excitatory stimulus.
  • Threshold is the value that the depolarizing graded potential must reach to trigger an action potential.
  • The depolarizing phase is between threshold and the peak of the action potential.
  • Repolarization is when the membrane potential returns to the resting state after an action potential.
  • Hyperpolarization is when the inside of the cell becomes more negative than the resting state.
  • The undershoot in the action potential is called the hyperpolarizing phase.

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