Nervous Tissue and Glial Cells

Questions and Answers

What function do oligodendrocytes perform in the central nervous system?

Phagocytize debris in the CNS

Wrap around nerve fibers to produce myelin sheaths (correct)

Line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord

Monitor the health of nearby neurons

Which type of glial cell is primarily involved in the immune defense of the CNS?

Astrocyte

Microglial cell (correct)

Ependymal cell

Oligodendrocyte

What role do ependymal cells play in relation to cerebrospinal fluid?

Monitoring neuron health

Producing myelin sheaths

Phagocytizing debris

Assisting with circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (correct)

How are astrocytes characterized among glial cells?

They are the most abundant and versatile neuroglia. Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is engaged in disposing of debris within the CNS?

Microglial cell Signup and view all the answers

In what specific action do the processes of oligodendrocytes engage?

Wrapping around nerve fibers to form myelin sheaths Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of astrocytes?

Forming the blood-brain barrier Signup and view all the answers

Which glial cell specifically has a spiderlike shape and function?

Microglial cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calcium in neurotransmission at synapses?

It facilitates the fusion of vesicles with the axonal membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What happens after calcium enters the axon terminal during neurotransmission?

Porelike openings form, releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. Signup and view all the answers

Which event follows the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?

Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the receiving neuron. Signup and view all the answers

In the process of neurotransmission, what initiates the binding of neurotransmitter to the next neuron's membrane?

The fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the axon terminal when the neurotransmitter is released?

Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse and bind to receptors on the receiving neuron. Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for forming porelike openings during neurotransmission?

Calcium ions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the transmission of the signal at chemical synapses?

Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the receiving neuron's membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence correctly represents the events occurring at a synapse during neurotransmission?

Calcium entry, pore formation, neurotransmitter release, receptor binding. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a basic reflex arc?

Receptor, Sensory neuron, Integration center, Motor neuron, Effector Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the integration center in a reflex arc?

To process incoming sensory information and generate an appropriate response Signup and view all the answers

Which element of the reflex arc is responsible for carrying signals from the integration center to the effector?

Motor neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pons in the brain stem?

Regulation of breathing Signup and view all the answers

In a two-neuron reflex arc, what is another name for the sensory neuron?

Afferent neuron Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the brain stem is most involved in controlling heart rate and blood pressure?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reflex arc is the simplest?

Monosynaptic reflex arc Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the effector in a reflex arc?

To perform the response to the stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What role does the reticular formation play in the brain?

Filters incoming sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that merges into the spinal cord?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a two-neuron reflex arc?

Patellar (knee-jerk) reflex Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the reflex arc is primarily located in the spinal cord and facilitates communication between sensory and motor neurons?

Interneuron Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for the coordination of body movements?

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is involved in motor control of visceral organs?

Reticular formation Signup and view all the answers

The outer cortex of the cerebrum is primarily composed of what type of tissue?

Gray matter Signup and view all the answers

What system is associated with awake/sleep cycles and consciousness?

Reticular activating system (RAS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first element in a two-neuron reflex arc?

Sensory (stretch) receptor Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for transmitting signals from the reflex action to the effector organ?

Motor (efferent) neuron Signup and view all the answers

In a three-neuron reflex arc, which component is added between the sensory and motor neurons?

Interneuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sensory (afferent) neuron in a reflex arc?

To transmit sensory information to the central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the effector organ's function in a reflex arc?

It generates a response to a stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a two-neuron and a three-neuron reflex arc?

Presence of an interneuron in the circuit Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT part of a two-neuron reflex arc?

Interneuron Signup and view all the answers

What type of reflex is an example of a three-neuron reflex arc?

Flexor (withdrawal) reflex Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neuroglia Types and Functions

Astrocytes: Most abundant and versatile glial cells, provide structural support and modulate neuronal activity.
Microglial Cells: Spiderlike phagocytes that monitor neuronal health and clear debris, serving as the brain's immune defense.
Ependymal Cells: Line brain and spinal cord cavities, cilia help circulate cerebrospinal fluid, aiding in nutrient distribution.
Oligodendrocytes: Wrap around CNS nerve fibers, responsible for producing myelin sheaths which insulate axons for faster impulse transmission.

Neuron Communication at Synapses

Calcium's Role: Entry of calcium into the axon terminal triggers vesicles containing neurotransmitters to fuse with the axonal membrane.
Neurotransmitter Release: Vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, facilitating communication between neurons.
Receptor Binding: Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, initiating a response.

Reflex Arcs

Basic Elements: Comprise receptor, sensory neuron, integration center (interneuron), motor neuron, and effector.
Two-neuron Reflex Arc: Simplest form exemplified by the patellar (knee-jerk) reflex, involving only one sensory neuron and one motor neuron.
Three-neuron Reflex Arc: Involves an additional interneuron, common in more complex reflex actions such as the flexor (withdrawal) reflex.

Brain Stem Structures

Pons: Rounded structure below the midbrain, primarily fiber tracts, participates in respiratory control.
Medulla Oblongata: Inferior part of the brain stem merging with the spinal cord, contains centers regulating heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting.
Reticular Formation: A diffuse group of gray matter that controls visceral motor functions, plays a crucial role in sleep-wake cycles and sensory filtering.

Cerebrum Overview

Hemispheres: Composed of two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces; the outer cortex consists of gray matter, while the inner region contains white matter.
Functions: Coordinates balance, timing for skeletal muscle activity, and overall body movement coordination.

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Description

This quiz covers the key components of nervous tissue, focusing on the roles and characteristics of various glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and their significance in the central nervous system. Test your knowledge on how these supporting cells function and contribute to neuronal health.

Nervous Tissue and Glial Cells

Questions and Answers

What function do oligodendrocytes perform in the central nervous system?

Which type of glial cell is primarily involved in the immune defense of the CNS?

What role do ependymal cells play in relation to cerebrospinal fluid?

How are astrocytes characterized among glial cells?

Which cell type is engaged in disposing of debris within the CNS?

In what specific action do the processes of oligodendrocytes engage?

What is the primary function of astrocytes?

Which glial cell specifically has a spiderlike shape and function?

What is the role of calcium in neurotransmission at synapses?

What happens after calcium enters the axon terminal during neurotransmission?

Which event follows the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?

In the process of neurotransmission, what initiates the binding of neurotransmitter to the next neuron's membrane?

What occurs at the axon terminal when the neurotransmitter is released?

Which component is responsible for forming porelike openings during neurotransmission?

What is the final step in the transmission of the signal at chemical synapses?

Which sequence correctly represents the events occurring at a synapse during neurotransmission?

Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a basic reflex arc?

What is the role of the integration center in a reflex arc?

Which element of the reflex arc is responsible for carrying signals from the integration center to the effector?

What is the primary function of the pons in the brain stem?

In a two-neuron reflex arc, what is another name for the sensory neuron?

Which structure in the brain stem is most involved in controlling heart rate and blood pressure?

Which type of reflex arc is the simplest?

What is the function of the effector in a reflex arc?

What role does the reticular formation play in the brain?

What is the structure that merges into the spinal cord?

What is an example of a two-neuron reflex arc?

Which component of the reflex arc is primarily located in the spinal cord and facilitates communication between sensory and motor neurons?

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for the coordination of body movements?

Which of the following structures is involved in motor control of visceral organs?

The outer cortex of the cerebrum is primarily composed of what type of tissue?

What system is associated with awake/sleep cycles and consciousness?

What is the first element in a two-neuron reflex arc?

Which component is responsible for transmitting signals from the reflex action to the effector organ?

In a three-neuron reflex arc, which component is added between the sensory and motor neurons?

What is the role of the sensory (afferent) neuron in a reflex arc?

Which of the following describes the effector organ's function in a reflex arc?

What is the primary difference between a two-neuron and a three-neuron reflex arc?

Which element is NOT part of a two-neuron reflex arc?

What type of reflex is an example of a three-neuron reflex arc?

Study Notes

Neuroglia Types and Functions

Neuron Communication at Synapses

Reflex Arcs

Brain Stem Structures

Cerebrum Overview

Studying That Suits You

Description

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