Nervous System Structure and Function

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the range of rhythmic changes in frequency per hour?

10 to 30

2 to 20 (correct)

5 to 15

1 to 10

What type of cells are responsible for myelination in the peripheral nervous system?

Neuroglial cells

Schwann cells (correct)

Axon cells

Oligodendroglia

What is the name of the fluid that fills the ventricles of the brain?

Brain fluid

Neural fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid (correct)

Cerebral fluid

What is the main function of the brain in the vertebrate body?

Main regulator of all vital functions of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protective membranes that cover the brain?

Connective tissue membranes Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of cranial nerves depart from the brain?

12 pairs Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is not a part of the subcortical limbic system?

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional significance of the corticospinal tract?

Organization of voluntary movements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a part of the pyramidal path?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct topographic projection of motor functions on the convexital surface of the cerebral cortex?

1 - leg; 2 - body; 3 - hand; 4 - brush; 5 - face Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is not shown in the diagram?

VIII Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the pyramidal path?

Cerebral cortex → internal capsule → leg of brain → bridge → cross of pyramids Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the motor cortex is relatively large, given the complexity and subtlety of the function it performs?

Hand and fingers of the upper limb Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the axons of central motor neurons in the precentral gyrus?

Down and inward Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is formed by the axons of cells located in the lower third of the precentral gyrus?

Cortico-nuclear pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of the bodies of neurons that innervate individual muscle groups in the motor cortex?

Opposite to the arrangement of parts of the human body Signup and view all the answers

Where are pyramidal cells also located, besides the precentral gyrus?

Posterior sections of the frontal gyrus Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the convergence of the pyramidal conductors in the motor cortex?

Formation of the inner capsule Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of the toes to plantar reflex stimulation?

Flexion of the toes Signup and view all the answers

In which position is the patient placed during the study of plantar reflex?

Lying on their back Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is involved in the reflex arc of the plantar reflex?

N. ischiadicus Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the reflex caused by a hammer striking the nose, where the response is to reduce the circular muscles of the mouth?

Nasolabial reflex Signup and view all the answers

What type of reflex is the plantar reflex classified as?

Superficial reflex Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the abnormal reflex that is characterized by flexion in the knee and hip joints, and the leg is pulled back?

Babinsky reflex Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of pain in terms of its localization?

No exact localization Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for abnormal sensations experienced without external irritation?

Paresthesia Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of irritations of receptors, sensitive conductors or centers in the body?

Pain arising from pathological processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a perversion of the perception of irritation, where touch is perceived as pain, cold as heat, etc.?

Dysesthesia Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of pain in terms of its duration?

There is an aftereffect, i.e. prolonged sensation after irritation has already been stopped Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is most prone to causing pain or paresthesia when damaged?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers