Nervous System Structural Classification Quiz

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What is included in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Cranial nerves

Brain and spinal cord (correct)

Spinal nerves

Peripheral nerves

Where are the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord located?

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) (correct)

Central nervous system (CNS)

Cranial nerves

Brain and spinal cord

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals to and from the CNS?

Cranial nerves

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) (correct)

Spinal cord

Brain

Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and balance?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the brain serves as the relay center for sensory and motor signals?

Diencephalon Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing and heart rate?

Brain stem Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the brain's mass does the Cerebrum constitute?

80% Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for higher mental functions?

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

How are the right and left cerebral hemispheres connected internally?

By the corpus callosum Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer region of the cerebrum called?

Cerebral Cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the cerebral cortex?

24 mm gray matter with underlying white matter Signup and view all the answers

What are the raised folds in the cerebral cortex called?

Gyri Signup and view all the answers

Where is the precentral gyrus located?

Frontal lobe Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe houses the postcentral gyrus responsible for somatesthetic sensation?

Parietal lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the insula lobe?

Emotional regulation Signup and view all the answers

Each hemisphere of the brain is divided into 4 lobes.

False Signup and view all the answers

The precentral gyrus is located in the parietal lobe.

False Signup and view all the answers

The postcentral gyrus is responsible for motor control.

False Signup and view all the answers

Where is the occipital lobe located?

At the back portion of the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the insula lobe?

Encoding of memory and integration of sensory information with visceral responses Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe houses auditory centers and receives sensory fibers from the cochlea?

Temporal lobe Signup and view all the answers

Which type of brain wave is most commonly seen during sleep and originates from the occipital and temporal lobes?

Theta waves Signup and view all the answers

Which brain wave pattern is associated with an active, relaxed brain and is most commonly seen in the frontal and parietal lobes?

Alpha waves Signup and view all the answers

Which brain wave pattern is produced with visual stimulation and mental activity, and is most commonly seen in the frontal lobe?

Beta waves Signup and view all the answers

Alpha waves are most commonly seen in the occipital and temporal lobes

False Signup and view all the answers

Theta waves are produced with visual stimulation and mental activity

False Signup and view all the answers

Delta waves are also seen in sleep and originate from all over the cerebrum

True Signup and view all the answers

Theta waves are most commonly seen in the frontal and parietal lobes

False Signup and view all the answers

Delta waves are associated with visual stimulation and mental activity

False Signup and view all the answers

Alpha waves are produced with visual stimulation and mental activity

False Signup and view all the answers

Which category of sleep is characterized by rapid eye movement and the occurrence of dreams?

REM sleep Signup and view all the answers

Which type of brain waves are associated with stages 3 and 4 of non-REM sleep, often called slow wave sleep?

Delta waves Signup and view all the answers

In which category of sleep are theta waves seen?

REM sleep Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of sleep are slow wave prominent?

Stage 3 Signup and view all the answers

How often does the sleep cycle repeat in most people per night?

Every 90 minutes Signup and view all the answers

When do people usually awaken naturally during sleep?

During REM sleep Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of sleep are breathing and heart rate very irregular?

REM sleep Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is particularly active during REM sleep and is involved in emotion?

Limbic system Signup and view all the answers

What type of memories does REM sleep benefit the consolidation of?

Long-term non-conscious memories Signup and view all the answers

During REM sleep, breathing and heart rate may be very irregular.

True Signup and view all the answers

The limbic system, involved in emotion, is very active during REM sleep.

True Signup and view all the answers

REM sleep benefits the consolidation of nondeclarative memories.

True Signup and view all the answers

During non REM sleep, what happens to the firing rates of neurons?

They decrease Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of non REM sleep related to memory?

Consolidation of spatial and declarative memories Signup and view all the answers

What does non REM sleep allow time for?

Repair of metabolic damage done to cells by free radicals Signup and view all the answers

Where does memory consolidation occur?

Medial temporal lobe, hippocampus, and amygdala Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nondeclarative memory?

Memory of simple skills and how to do things Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for long term memory?

Actual structural change including gene activation and protein production Signup and view all the answers

Memory consolidation occurs in the medial temporal lobe, hippocampus, and amygdala.

True Signup and view all the answers

Sleep is needed for optimum memory consolidation.

True Signup and view all the answers

Long term memory can be classified into Nondeclarative and Declarative memory.

True Signup and view all the answers

Where are the basal nuclei located?

Deep in the white matter of the cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the lentiform nucleus?

Putamen and globus pallidus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the basal nuclei?

Control of voluntary movements Signup and view all the answers

Basal nuclei are masses of gray matter located in the white matter of the cerebrum.

True Signup and view all the answers

The corpus striatum is composed of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus.

True Signup and view all the answers

The basal nuclei include the subthalamic nucleus of the diencephalon and substantia nigra of the midbrain.

True Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter is released by the neurons from motor cortex regions of the frontal lobe in the motor circuit?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

Which region sends GABA-releasing neurons to the thalamus in the motor circuit?

Globus pallidus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thalamus in the motor circuit?

Sends excitatory axons to the motor cortex of the cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

What causes Parkinson's disease?

Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra Signup and view all the answers

Which tract is affected in Parkinson's disease?

Nigrostriatal tract Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected in Parkinson's disease?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for the decussation (crossing over) of fibers, allowing each side of the precentral gyrus to control movements on the contralateral side of the body?

Corpus callosum Signup and view all the answers

Where does somatesthetic sensation from each side of the body project to in the brain?

Contralateral sides of the postcentral gyrus Signup and view all the answers

What happens in severe forms when communication between the two brain hemispheres is severed?

Reduced communication between the sides occurs through the corpus callosum Signup and view all the answers

What is the term now preferred to describe the specialization of function in one hemisphere or the other?

Cerebral lateralization Signup and view all the answers

Which term is analogous to handedness, suggesting greater competence with one hemisphere than the other?

Cerebral dominance Signup and view all the answers

How do the two hemispheres appear to function according to the concept of cerebral lateralization?

Complementary functions Signup and view all the answers

Is cerebral dominance analogous to handedness, suggesting that people generally have greater competence with one hemisphere than with the other?

True Signup and view all the answers

Is cerebral lateralization the term now preferred to describe the specialization of function in one hemisphere or the other?

True Signup and view all the answers

Do the two hemispheres appear to have complementary functions rather than one hemisphere being dominant and the other subordinate?

True Signup and view all the answers

Is the right hemisphere specialized in language, speech, writing, and calculations?

False Signup and view all the answers

Is the left hemisphere specialized in visuospatial tasks and recognizing faces?

False Signup and view all the answers

Is cerebral lateralization the concept that suggests each hemisphere is specialized in different functions?

True Signup and view all the answers

Which hemisphere of the brain is specialized in recognizing faces?

Right hemisphere Signup and view all the answers

Which hemisphere is specialized in language and writing?

Left hemisphere Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tasks seem to be performed better by one side of the brain than the other?

Visuospatial tasks Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The right hemisphere is specialized in language, speech, and writing?

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The left hemisphere is specialized in visuospatial tasks and recognizing faces?

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Cerebral lateralization suggests that each hemisphere is specialized in different functions?

True Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is associated with speech and language disorders caused by damage through head injury or stroke?

Broca's area Signup and view all the answers

Where are the language areas of the brain located in most people?

Left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What are aphasias?

Speech and language disorders caused by brain damage Signup and view all the answers

Where is Broca's Area located?

Left inferior frontal gyrus Signup and view all the answers

Which area does Broca's Area send fibers to?

Motor cortex (precentral gyrus) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Broca's Area?

Manages motor aspects of speech Signup and view all the answers

Where is Wernicke's Area located?

Left superior temporal gyrus Signup and view all the answers

What does Wernicke's Area control?

Language comprehension Signup and view all the answers

Where is information about heard words sent by the brain?

Temporal lobe (auditory cortex) Signup and view all the answers

Wernicke's Area is located in the left superior temporal gyrus.

True Signup and view all the answers

Wernicke's Area controls understanding of words (language comprehension).

True Signup and view all the answers

Information about heard words is sent by the temporal lobe (auditory cortex).

True Signup and view all the answers

Where does word comprehension originate in the brain?

Wernicke's area Signup and view all the answers

Where is information about heard words sent by the brain?

Broca's area Signup and view all the answers

Where does Broca's area send information to direct movement of appropriate speech muscles?

Motor cortex (precentral gyrus) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Angular Gyrus located?

At the junction between the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Angular Gyrus?

Integration of sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is damage to the Angular Gyrus?

Aphasias involved in reading and writing may occur Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aphasia involves rapid speech with no meaning, often referred to as word salad?

Wernicke's aphasia Signup and view all the answers

In which type of aphasia are both Broca's and Wernicke's areas intact, but the damage is caused by the arcuate fasciculus?

Conduction aphasia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aphasia results from damage in Broca's area and involves slow, poorly articulated speech with no impairment in understanding?

Broca's aphasia Signup and view all the answers

Nervous System Structural Classification Quiz

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What is included in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Where are the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord located?

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals to and from the CNS?

Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and balance?

Which region of the brain serves as the relay center for sensory and motor signals?

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing and heart rate?

What percentage of the brain's mass does the Cerebrum constitute?

Which part of the brain is responsible for higher mental functions?

How are the right and left cerebral hemispheres connected internally?

What is the outer region of the cerebrum called?

What is the composition of the cerebral cortex?

What are the raised folds in the cerebral cortex called?

Where is the precentral gyrus located?

Which lobe houses the postcentral gyrus responsible for somatesthetic sensation?

What is the main function of the insula lobe?

Each hemisphere of the brain is divided into 4 lobes.

The precentral gyrus is located in the parietal lobe.

The postcentral gyrus is responsible for motor control.

Where is the occipital lobe located?

What is the main function of the insula lobe?

Which lobe houses auditory centers and receives sensory fibers from the cochlea?

Which type of brain wave is most commonly seen during sleep and originates from the occipital and temporal lobes?

Which brain wave pattern is associated with an active, relaxed brain and is most commonly seen in the frontal and parietal lobes?

Which brain wave pattern is produced with visual stimulation and mental activity, and is most commonly seen in the frontal lobe?

Alpha waves are most commonly seen in the occipital and temporal lobes

Theta waves are produced with visual stimulation and mental activity

Delta waves are also seen in sleep and originate from all over the cerebrum

Theta waves are most commonly seen in the frontal and parietal lobes

Delta waves are associated with visual stimulation and mental activity

Alpha waves are produced with visual stimulation and mental activity

Which category of sleep is characterized by rapid eye movement and the occurrence of dreams?

Which type of brain waves are associated with stages 3 and 4 of non-REM sleep, often called slow wave sleep?

In which category of sleep are theta waves seen?

During which stage of sleep are slow wave prominent?

How often does the sleep cycle repeat in most people per night?

When do people usually awaken naturally during sleep?

During which stage of sleep are breathing and heart rate very irregular?

Which brain region is particularly active during REM sleep and is involved in emotion?

What type of memories does REM sleep benefit the consolidation of?

During REM sleep, breathing and heart rate may be very irregular.

The limbic system, involved in emotion, is very active during REM sleep.

REM sleep benefits the consolidation of nondeclarative memories.

During non REM sleep, what happens to the firing rates of neurons?

What is a benefit of non REM sleep related to memory?

What does non REM sleep allow time for?

Where does memory consolidation occur?

What is the function of nondeclarative memory?

What is the requirement for long term memory?

Memory consolidation occurs in the medial temporal lobe, hippocampus, and amygdala.

Sleep is needed for optimum memory consolidation.

Long term memory can be classified into Nondeclarative and Declarative memory.

Where are the basal nuclei located?

What is the composition of the lentiform nucleus?

What is the function of the basal nuclei?

Basal nuclei are masses of gray matter located in the white matter of the cerebrum.

The corpus striatum is composed of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus.

The basal nuclei include the subthalamic nucleus of the diencephalon and substantia nigra of the midbrain.

What neurotransmitter is released by the neurons from motor cortex regions of the frontal lobe in the motor circuit?

Which region sends GABA-releasing neurons to the thalamus in the motor circuit?

What is the function of the thalamus in the motor circuit?

What causes Parkinson's disease?

Which tract is affected in Parkinson's disease?

Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected in Parkinson's disease?

Which structure is responsible for the decussation (crossing over) of fibers, allowing each side of the precentral gyrus to control movements on the contralateral side of the body?

Where does somatesthetic sensation from each side of the body project to in the brain?

What happens in severe forms when communication between the two brain hemispheres is severed?

What is the term now preferred to describe the specialization of function in one hemisphere or the other?

Which term is analogous to handedness, suggesting greater competence with one hemisphere than the other?

How do the two hemispheres appear to function according to the concept of cerebral lateralization?

Is cerebral dominance analogous to handedness, suggesting that people generally have greater competence with one hemisphere than with the other?

Is cerebral lateralization the term now preferred to describe the specialization of function in one hemisphere or the other?

Do the two hemispheres appear to have complementary functions rather than one hemisphere being dominant and the other subordinate?

Is the right hemisphere specialized in language, speech, writing, and calculations?

Is the left hemisphere specialized in visuospatial tasks and recognizing faces?

Is cerebral lateralization the concept that suggests each hemisphere is specialized in different functions?

Which hemisphere of the brain is specialized in recognizing faces?

Which hemisphere is specialized in language and writing?