Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which medical condition did Claudius Galenus first state as contagious?
Which medical condition did Claudius Galenus first state as contagious?
Andreas Vesalius disagreed with Galen's findings regarding human anatomy.
Andreas Vesalius disagreed with Galen's findings regarding human anatomy.
True
What significant medical book did Ibn Sina publish?
What significant medical book did Ibn Sina publish?
The Canon of Medicine
Claudius Galenus distinguished _____ pairs of cranial nerves.
Claudius Galenus distinguished _____ pairs of cranial nerves.
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Match the following historical figures with their contributions in biology:
Match the following historical figures with their contributions in biology:
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Which body functions did Galen demonstrate by tying off the ureters?
Which body functions did Galen demonstrate by tying off the ureters?
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Ibn Sina was known for his work in anatomy and philosophy.
Ibn Sina was known for his work in anatomy and philosophy.
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What did Galen discover about the arteries?
What did Galen discover about the arteries?
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Galen performed dissections primarily on _____, pigs, sheep, and goats.
Galen performed dissections primarily on _____, pigs, sheep, and goats.
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Which of the following was one of Vesalius's demonstrations?
Which of the following was one of Vesalius's demonstrations?
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Who is credited with the development of the system of binomial nomenclature?
Who is credited with the development of the system of binomial nomenclature?
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Louis Pasteur was the first to propose the germ theory.
Louis Pasteur was the first to propose the germ theory.
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What is the scientific name of the Blue Crab?
What is the scientific name of the Blue Crab?
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Darwin's book, published in 1859, is titled 'On the Origin of the ______.'
Darwin's book, published in 1859, is titled 'On the Origin of the ______.'
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Match the following scientists with their contributions:
Match the following scientists with their contributions:
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Which disease did Louis Pasteur develop a vaccine for?
Which disease did Louis Pasteur develop a vaccine for?
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Alfred Russel Wallace published 'The Malay Archipelago' in 1858.
Alfred Russel Wallace published 'The Malay Archipelago' in 1858.
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Name one organism that was part of Darwin's studies of evolution.
Name one organism that was part of Darwin's studies of evolution.
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The classification system includes Kingdom: ______, Phylum: Arthropoda, Class: Malacostraca.
The classification system includes Kingdom: ______, Phylum: Arthropoda, Class: Malacostraca.
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What process did Louis Pasteur originate to prevent spoilage of food and drinks?
What process did Louis Pasteur originate to prevent spoilage of food and drinks?
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Which of the following bones is considered the longest bone in the human body?
Which of the following bones is considered the longest bone in the human body?
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Robert Hooke was the first to observe protozoa and bacteria.
Robert Hooke was the first to observe protozoa and bacteria.
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What anatomical chart did Vesalius produce as a reference aid?
What anatomical chart did Vesalius produce as a reference aid?
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Antony van Leeuwenhoek first described the spermatozoa from ______.
Antony van Leeuwenhoek first described the spermatozoa from ______.
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What significant discovery did Robert Hooke make regarding cork?
What significant discovery did Robert Hooke make regarding cork?
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Vesalius published a book titled 'The Seven Books on the Structure of the Human Body'.
Vesalius published a book titled 'The Seven Books on the Structure of the Human Body'.
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Name one of the accomplishments of Robert Hooke.
Name one of the accomplishments of Robert Hooke.
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Hooke illustrated the crystalline structure of ______.
Hooke illustrated the crystalline structure of ______.
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Match the scientist with their discovery:
Match the scientist with their discovery:
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What did Anton Van Leeuwenhoek isolate from different sources?
What did Anton Van Leeuwenhoek isolate from different sources?
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Study Notes
Brief History of Biology in Famous Biographies
- The images show diagrams of a developing embryo, highlighting various structures like the bulbus, ventricles, metencephalon, retina, lens, olfactory pit, cerebral hemisphere, vitelline artery, vitelline vein, and allantois.
Learning Outcomes
- Students need to be able to explain the significant contributions of key biologists.
- Students need to distinguish the unique contributions made by different biologists in the development of biology.
Claudius Galen, 130
- Performed dissections on Barbary apes, pigs, sheep, and goats.
- Distinguished seven pairs of cranial nerves, heart valves, and differences in vein and artery structures.
- Observed arteries carry blood, not air—this contradicted previous theories.
- Identified nerves controlling the voice and kidneys and bladder functions.
Galen's Work
- Lectured on anatomy using skeletons in the Temple of Peace in Rome.
- Treated gladiators in Pergamum.
Ibn Sina (Avicenna), 1025
- Stated that tuberculosis was contagious.
- Described diabetes symptoms.
- Provided descriptions of central and peripheral facial paralysis (Bell's palsy).
- Documented several psychiatric disorders like anxiety, depression, Bipolar, PTSD, schizophrenia.
- Published medical works—the Canon of Medicine (Al-Qanun fi al-tibb), and the Book of the Cure (Kitab al-shifa).
Andreas Vesalius, 1543
- Performed dissections on corpses.
- Corrected Galen's inaccuracies regarding the structure of the human breastbone (three segments instead of seven).
- Corrected Galen's inaccuracies regarding the structure of the humerus (longest bone in the body).
- Developed anatomical charts for the blood and nervous systems.
- Published medical work, Seven Books on the Structure of the Human Body (De Humani Corporis Fabrica).
- Publicly dissected a female corpse.
Robert Hooke, 1665
- Conceptualized the cell, identifying microscopic honeycomb cavities in cork tissue.
- Illustrated the structure of snowflakes (hexagonal crystalline) and other physical subjects.
- Developed and refined the microscope, enabling detailed observations and drawings.
- Published Micrographia.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1675
- Observed and documented bacteria and protozoa.
- Discovered spermatozoa in insects, dogs, and humans.
- Detailed the discovery in letters and shared documentation.
Carolus Linnaeus, 1700
- Developed the system of classifying plant and animal kingdoms, along with mineral kingdoms.
- Created binomial nomenclature for classifying organisms (e.g., Tyrannosaurus rex and Homo sapiens).
Louis Pasteur, 1854
- Demonstrated that microorganisms cause fermentation in wine and beer.
- Proposed the "germ theory," explaining contagious diseases.
- Developed vaccines for anthrax, sepsis complications, and rabies.
- Invented the process of pasteurization.
Alfred Russel Wallace, 1858
- Co-founder of the theory of evolution by natural selection, alongside Charles Darwin.
- Observed patterns of species distribution on Sulawesi (extinct).
- Developed the concept of natural selection—survival of the fittest.
- Published The Malay Archipelago.
Charles Darwin, 1859
- Pioneered the evolutionary theory by natural selection.
- Observed species' survival and adaptation based on their environments.
- Published On the Origin of Species.
Gregor Mendel, 1865
- Discovered fundamental principles of heredity.
- Identified how pea plants transmit traits, developing the foundation of mathematical genetics, the laws of heredity, also known as Mendel's law of inheritance.
James Watson & Francis Crick, 1953
- Discovered the double helix structure of DNA.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the contributions of key figures in medicine and biology, including Claudius Galenus, Andreas Vesalius, and Louis Pasteur. This quiz covers important discoveries, anatomical findings, and the evolution of medical thought. Challenge yourself with a variety of questions about historical milestones in the life sciences.
