Nervous System Review

What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Astrocytes help maintain the blood-brain barrier.

What is the main role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

The ________ cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are responsible for myelination.

Which neuron type is typically involved in sensory transmission from the inner ear?

Match the following glial cells with their functions:

Chemical synapses are faster than electrical synapses.

What are the three connective tissue layers surrounding nerves?

What is the primary role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Afferent neurons carry signals from the brain to the effectors.

What is the function of microglia in the brain?

The ________ produces and circulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Match the following neurotransmitters with their characteristics:

What structure generates action potentials in neurons?

Electrical synapses rely on the release of neurotransmitters.

What connective tissue layer surrounds individual axons?

Nervous System Review

Neurons: Transmit signals, crucial elements for conductivity.
Excitability & Conductivity: Neurons experience excitability and conductivity for signal transmission.
Nissl bodies: Protein synthesis occurs here.
Glial cells (oligodendrocytes): These myelinate axons in the CNS, protecting them and increasing signal speed.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Provides protection and support for neurons.
Axon Hillock: Generates action potentials.
Synapses: Allow chemical signals between neurons (slower).
Electrical synapses: Connect neurons directly (faster).
Synaptic plasticity: Enables the nervous system to adapt and adjust synapse strengths, crucial for learning and memory.
Schwann cells: Myelinate axons in the PNS.
Myelin: Insulation for axons, improving signal transmission rate.
Astrocytes: Form the blood-brain barrier, protecting the brain.
Microglia: Immune cells in the brain, removing pathogens.
Ependymal cells: Involved in producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid.
Neuron types: Multipolar (motor), bipolar (sensory), unipolar (sensory).
Neurotransmitters: Crucial for chemical signal transmission between neurons.
Signal Transmission: Neurons receive signals at dendrites and transmit them down the axon.
Axonal transport: Moves materials along the axon.
Neurotransmitter removal: Degrades and recycles NT to prevent continuous signals.
CNS (central nervous system): Brain and spinal cord.
PNS (peripheral nervous system): Nerves branching out to other parts of the body.
Ganglia: Group of neuron cell bodies in the PNS.
Neurotransmitter types: Glutamate (excitatory).
Myelin Sheath: Coverings of axons that function in insulation to increase signal transmission speed
Nodes of Ranvier: Gaps in the myelin sheath.
Endoneurium, Perineurium, and Epineurium: Enclosing layers of nerves

This quiz covers essential concepts related to the nervous system, including the functions of neurons, glial cells, and synapses. Test your knowledge on how these components contribute to signal transmission and the overall functioning of the nervous system.