Questions and Answers
An example of integration by the nervous system is:
The decision to go back for an umbrella.
Where might gray matter nucleus be located? (Select all that apply)
Histological examination of a slice of neural tissue reveals a bundle of nerve fibers held together by cells whose multiple processes wrap around the several fibers and form a myelin sheath. The specimen is likely to be:
A tract.
The pineal gland is located in the:
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A type of brain trauma likely to result in a long-term coma is:
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The spinal cord feature associated with the leash of nerves supplying the upper limbs is the:
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Which contains only motor fibers?
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Cranial nerves that have some function in vision include the:
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Motor functions of the extensor muscles of the arm, forearm, and fingers would be affected by damage to which one of these nerves? (Select all that apply)
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Autonomic nervous system has motor neurons located in ganglia.
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What are the two great controlling systems of the body?
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Explain both the structural and functional classifications of the nervous system.
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List the structures of the CNS and PNS
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Give the basis for the functional classification of neurons.
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Name four types of cutaneous sensory receptors. Which of the receptor types is most numerous? Why?
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Other than serving as a conduction pathway, what is a major function of the pons? Why is the medulla the most vital part of the brain?
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What is the function of the thalamus? The hypothalamus?
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What are the two main functions of the spinal cord?
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How does the autonomic nervous system differ from the somatic nervous system?
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Study Notes
Nervous System Overview
- Integration by the nervous system is exemplified by decision-making actions, like retrieving an umbrella.
- Gray matter nuclei are positioned alongside the vertebral column, within the brain, and in the spinal cord.
- A neural tissue specimen with a myelin sheath around nerve fibers is identified as a tract.
- The pineal gland is located in the epithalamus, contributing to circadian rhythms.
Brain Trauma and Nerve Supply
- A brain contusion can lead to long-term coma.
- The brachial plexus and cervical enlargement are associated with nerve supply to the upper limbs.
Nervous System Structure and Function
- The ventral root exclusively contains motor fibers.
- Cranial nerves involved in vision include the trochlear nerve.
- Damage to the radial, ulnar, or median nerves affects motor functions of the extensor muscles in the arm and fingers.
Autonomic vs. Somatic Nervous System
- The autonomic nervous system has motor neurons located in ganglia, differentiating it from the somatic nervous system.
- The two primary control systems of the body are the nervous system and the endocrine system.
Structural and Functional Classifications
- Structural classification of the nervous system includes the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- CNS encompasses the brain and spinal cord; PNS comprises nerves connecting these structures.
- Functional classification splits the PNS into afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) divisions, with the motor division further divided into somatic and autonomic branches.
Neuron Classification and Sensory Receptors
- Functional classification of neurons is based on impulse direction:
- Afferent neurons carry impulses to the CNS.
- Efferent neurons carry impulses to effector organs.
- Interneurons connect afferent and efferent pathways within the CNS.
- Types of cutaneous sensory receptors include touch, pressure, heat, and pain, with one type being most numerous due to its critical role in sensation.
Functions of the Pons and Medulla
- The pons is involved in respiratory rhythm regulation in addition to serving as a conduction pathway.
- The medulla is vital for life due to its control over respiratory and cardiovascular functions, including blood pressure regulation.
Roles of the Thalamus and Hypothalamus
- The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling to the cerebral cortex for interpretation.
Functions of the Spinal Cord
- The spinal cord connects peripheral nervous system parts to the brain and coordinates simple reflex actions, such as withdrawal reflexes.
Differences Between ANS and Somatic NS
- The autonomic nervous system features a two-neuron chain from the CNS and operates involuntarily, unlike the somatic nervous system's single neuron and voluntary control.
- ANS controls different effector organs (e.g., cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands) and can release acetylcholine or norepinephrine.
Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Functions
- The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight or flight' response, while the parasympathetic division supports 'rest and digest' functions.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the nervous system with these flashcard questions. This quiz covers topics such as integration, gray matter, and neural tissue. Perfect for students who want to reinforce their understanding of the nervous system's structure and function.