Nervous System Quiz
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What is one of the primary functions of the nervous system?

  • Regulates blood sugar levels
  • Coordinates and controls the body's activities (correct)
  • Produces hormones
  • Filters toxins from the blood

    • The nervous system can function without any support from life-supporting machines.

    False

    Name the two main divisions of the nervous system.

    Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

    The ________ system works in conjunction with the nervous system for regulation of vital functions.

    <p>endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do sensory neurons play in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmit sensory information to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>CNS = Consists of the brain and spinal cord PNS = Includes cranial and spinal nerves Neurons = Cells that transmit nerve impulses Neuroglial cells = Support and protect neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Motor neurons are responsible for carrying sensory information to the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nerve impulses are transmitted through a combination of ________ and ________ signals.

    <p>electrical, chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons carry information from sensory receptors to the CNS?

    <p>Afferent neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glial cells are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oligodendrocytes in the CNS?

    <p>To produce myelin sheath and insulate axons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ are specialized cells that support neurons and help maintain the blood-brain barrier.

    <p>glial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of glial cells with their functions:

    <p>Astrocytes = Support neurons and maintain blood-brain barrier Microglial cells = Remove debris and engulf pathogens Ependymal cells = Produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid Oligodendrocytes = Insulate axons with myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes sensory neurons?

    <p>They conduct nerve impulses towards the CNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Astrocytes are the smallest type of neuroglial cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do microglial cells do?

    <p>They remove cellular debris and engulf pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Schwann cells in the PNS?

    <p>Form myelin sheaths around axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mature neurons can divide and replicate themselves.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three functional types of neurons?

    <p>Sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The spaces between Schwann cells that increase the speed of signal transmission are known as the __________.

    <p>nodes of Ranvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving input from other neurons?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of neurons with their functions:

    <p>Sensory neurons = Transmit stimuli from the body to the CNS Interneurons = Process and store information within the CNS Motor neurons = Transmit stimuli from the CNS back to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Schwann cells are only found in the central nervous system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of synaptic knobs in the neuron?

    <p>To form synapses with other neurons, muscles, or glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in synapses?

    <p>To stimulate adjoining neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mature neurons can divide and regenerate after injury.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures form a nerve?

    <p>Bundles of neuronal axons held together by connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuroglia can regenerate but may be destroyed in certain ______ diseases.

    <p>neurodegenerative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron carries sensory information to the CNS?

    <p>Afferent neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nerve fiber is a neuronal axon embedded in ______.

    <p>endoneurium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The axon of a peripheral nerve cannot regenerate if the cell body is intact.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron is characterized by having multiple dendrites and a single axon?

    <p>Multipolar neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bipolar neurons are primarily found in the retina of the eye and the olfactory bulb.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of unipolar neurons?

    <p>Sensory reception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The junction between two neurons that facilitates communication is called a ______.

    <p>synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of neurons with their descriptions:

    <p>Multipolar neuron = Most common in the CNS Bipolar neuron = Found in sensory organs like the eye Unipolar neuron = Dendrites function as sensory receptors Sensory neuron = Transmits sensory information to the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines the speed of action potential propagation along a neuronal axon?

    <p>Myelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Action potentials occur over long distances within neurons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the electrical potential difference across a neuron's plasma membrane?

    <p>Resting membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of synapse functions by transmitting electrical signals directly between neurons?

    <p>Electrical synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All neurotransmitters are either exclusively excitatory or inhibitory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neurotransmitters in chemical synapses?

    <p>They transmit signals across the synaptic cleft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ neuron type is most abundantly present in the central nervous system (CNS).

    <p>multipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of synapses with their respective characteristics:

    <p>Electrical synapses = Transmit signals via neurotransmitters Chemical synapses = Provide direct electrical coupling Neuromuscular synapses = Connect neurons to muscles Neuroglandular synapses = Connect neurons to glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function-based classification of synapses?

    <p>Excitatory and Inhibitory synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The soma is responsible for the electrical signaling of the neuron.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one characteristic feature of the resting stage of a neuron during action potential.

    <p>The membrane potential is negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous System Overview

    • The nervous system is the primary control system of the body
    • Responsible for higher mental function and emotional expression
    • Regulates the activities of muscles and glands
    • Communication involves electrical and chemical signals
    • All body systems are influenced by the nervous system
    • If the system stops functioning, life support is needed

    Learning Objectives

    • Define the functions of the nervous system
    • Understand the division of CNS and PNS
    • Describe the cellular composition of the nervous system
    • Understand the role of neurons and neuroglial cells
    • State the function of sensory and motor neurons
    • Understand how the nerve impulse is generated
    • Explain the process of synapse

    Structure of the Nervous System

    • Complex network of specialized cells and tissues
    • Coordinates and controls the body's activities
    • Enables communication between different parts
    • Regulates vital functions, including movement, sensation, thought, emotion, and homeostasis
    • Works in coordination with the endocrine system

    How the Nervous System Works

    • Sensory: Senses changes inside and outside the body (e.g., skin sensations, blood chemicals)
    • Sensory information is carried from receptors to the brain and spinal cord
    • Examples of sensory information: sight, sound, touch, taste, smell
    • Integrative: Processes sensory information, leading to appropriate responses
    • Integrative processes: memory and perception are examples of integrative function
    • Motor: Initiates muscular contraction or glandular secretion in response to stimuli
    • Stimuli come from various parts of the body
    • Examples of effectors: glands and muscles; movement is a common response

    Organization of the Nervous System

    • Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal cord
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Cranial and spinal nerves; special sense organs outside the CNS

    Cells of the Nervous System

    • Neurons: Functional cells of the nervous system
    • Glial Cells: Specialized connective tissue, supporting cells

    Nervous Tissue

    • Neurons: Basic components of the nervous system
    • Glial Cells: Support and protect neurons; form a connective tissue around nerve cells
    • Nerve cell is a cord-like structure of neuronal axons, transferring sensory information to the CNS or motor receives information from CNS

    Glial Cells

    • CNS:
      • Astrocytes: Largest and most abundant, provide support, form blood-brain barrier
      • Oligodendrocytes: Produce myelin sheath; insulates axons
    • Microglial Cells: Smallest, protective role (e.g., remove debris, pathogens)
    • PNS:
      • Schwann Cells: Form myelin sheaths around axons in the PNS
      • Satellite Cells: Surround neuronal cell bodies in ganglia

    Neuron Structure

    • Soma (cell body): Contains the nucleus and other organelles.
    • Dendrites: Short, branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons.
    • Axon: A long, slender projection that transmits signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
    • Synaptic terminal: The end of an axon where neurotransmitters are released.

    Neuronal Function and Action Potentials

    • Neurons communicate via electrical impulses (action potentials)
    • The resting membrane potential is the difference in charge across the membrane
    • Action potentials involve rapid changes in membrane potential
    • The speed of action potential propagation is influenced by myelination, axon diameter, and temperature

    Synapses

    • Junctions mediating the transfer of information between neurons
    • Structurally: Axodendritic, neuromuscular, neuroglandular synapses
    • Functionally: Electrical, chemical synapses

    Neurotransmitters

    • Chemical signals that transmit signals across the synapse
    • Effect of a neurotransmitter depends on the receptor at the synapse (e.g., excitatory, inhibitory)

    Neuron Types

    • Sensory (afferent): Transmit info from sensory receptors to the CNS
    • Interneurons (association neurons): Connect sensory and motor neurons; process information in the CNS
    • Motor (efferent): Transmit signals from the CNS to effectors (muscles, glands)

    Neuron Regeneration

    • Mature neurons typically do not regenerate after damage
    • Peripheral nervous system axons can sometimes regenerate, but this process is complex and depends on factors like the proximity of the damaged axon ends and whether the cell body remains intact.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the functions and components of the nervous system. This quiz covers key concepts such as divisions of the nervous system, types of neurons, and the role of glial cells. See how well you understand this crucial system in the human body.

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