Nervous System Overview

Satellite cells = Protect neuron cell bodies Schwann cells = Form myelin sheath in the PNS Dendrites = Conduct impulses away from the cell body Axons = Conduct impulses toward the cell body

Cell body = Nucleus and metabolic center Dendrites = Fibers that extend toward the cell body Axons = Only one that conducts impulses away Axonal terminals = Contain vesicles with neurotransmitters

Sensory input = Gathering information from stimuli Integration = Processing and interpreting sensory input Motor output = Response activation of muscles or glands Neuroglia = Support cells of the nervous system

<p>Synaptic cleft = Gap between adjacent neurons Synapse = Junction between nerves Nodes of Ranvier = Gaps in myelin sheath Myelin sheath = Produced by Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain = Central control center of the body Spinal cord = Transmits signals between brain and body Nerves = Components of the Peripheral Nervous System Neurons = Functional units of the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple Sclerosis = Myelin sheath is destroyed Schwann cells = Produce myelin sheaths Nodes of Ranvier = Allow for faster impulse conduction Axonal terminals = Separate from the next neuron by synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory division = Carries information to CNS Motor division = Carries impulses away from CNS Somatic nervous system = Controls voluntary movements Autonomic nervous system = Controls involuntary actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrocytes = Control chemical environment of the brain Microglia = Dispose of debris in CNS Ependymal cells = Circulate cerebrospinal fluid Oligodendrocytes = Produce myelin sheath in CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuron = Specialized to transmit messages Nucleus = Contains genetic material of the cell Processes = Fibers extending from the cell body Vesicles = Store neurotransmitters at axonal terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuroglia divide = True statement Neurons do not divide = True statement Gliomas are tumors of neurons = False statement Most brain tumors involve neuroglia = True statement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory (afferent) neurons = Carry impulses from sensory receptors Motor (efferent) neurons = Carry impulses away from the CNS Interneurons = Connect sensory and motor neurons Proprioceptors = Detect stretch or tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebellum = Involuntary coordination of body movements Thalamus = Relay station for sensory impulses Hypothalamus = Regulates body temperature Medulla Oblongata = Controls heart rate and breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gray matter = Outer layer composed mostly of neuron cell bodies White matter = Contains fiber tracts inside the gray matter Basal nuclei = Regulates voluntary motor activities Corpus callosum = Connects the left and right hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autonomic reflexes = Regulation of smooth muscle and glands Somatic reflexes = Activation of skeletal muscles Sensory functions = Detects stimuli from the environment Motor functions = Responds to stimuli by activation of muscles or glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multipolar neurons = Many extensions from the cell body Bipolar neurons = One axon and one dendrite Unipolar neurons = Short single process leaving the cell body Sensory neurons = Typically unipolar in structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skull = Protects the brain Meninges = Three protective membranes Cerebrospinal fluid = Watery cushion around the brain Vertebral column = Protects the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatic sensory area = Receives impulses from sensory receptors Primary motor area = Sends impulses to skeletal muscles Broca’s area = Involved in speech production Gustatory area = Related to taste sensations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebral hemispheres = Paired superior parts of the brain Diencephalon = Sits on top of the brain stem Brain stem = Connects the brain to the spinal cord Cerebellum = Involved in coordination of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dorsal horns = Associated with sensory processing Ventral horns = Associated with motor functions Cauda equina = Collection of spinal nerves below T12 Central canal = Filled with cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixed nerves = Contain both sensory and motor fibers Afferent nerves = Carry impulses toward the CNS Efferent nerves = Carry impulses away from the CNS Ganglia = Collections of neuron cell bodies outside CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autonomic reflexes = Control smooth muscles and glands Somatic reflexes = Control skeletal muscles Reflex arc = Direct route from sensory to motor neurons Conditioned reflexes = Learned responses to stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ganglia = Collections of cell bodies outside the CNS Nuclei = Clusters of cell bodies within white matter Gray matter = Contains cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers White matter = Contains myelinated fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Midbrain = Contains reflex centers for vision and hearing Pons = Involved in controlling breathing Medulla oblongata = Regulates vital functions like heart rate Cerebral aqueduct = Connects the third and fourth ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurotransmitter = Chemical released to transmit impulses Synapse = Junction between two neurons Receptors = Bind neurotransmitters on the dendrite Impulse = Signal traveling along a neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers