Nervous System Overview
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Nervous System Overview

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Questions and Answers

The nervous system _______________ and _________________ all body functions.

controls, coordinates

The nervous system also ______________ and _______________ information from outside the body.

senses, interprets

The __________________ is the basic working unit of the nervous system.

neuron

The two main parts of the nervous system are the ___________ nervous system and the ________________ nervous system.

<p>central, peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers

The peripheral nervous system consists of the _____________ and _____________ nerves.

<p>cranial, spinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ___________ and ____________ make up the central nervous system.

<p>brain, spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ear provides ______________ and ______________.

<p>balance, hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nervous system provides ______________ centers of heartbeat and respiration.

<p>reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sense organs are part of the nervous system. They include the _____________, tongue, ____________, eyes, and ____________.

<p>skin, nose, ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inside the back of the eye is the _______, which contains cells that respond to light and send messages to the brain.

<p>retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

Weakened vision is a normal part of aging.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some short-term memory loss may occur with age.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

As people age, the senses normally become stronger.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Responses and reflexes speed up with age.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sensitivity of nerve endings decreases with age, resulting in diminished sense of touch.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Slight hearing loss is not a normal change of aging.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

<p>A condition that causes the part of the retina that allows people to see detail to degenerate, destroying central vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cataract?

<p>Develops when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, causing vision loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

<p>Caused by blood supply to the brain being blocked or a leaking or ruptured blood vessel within the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a concussion?

<p>Head injury that occurs from a banging movement of the brain against the skull.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dysphagia?

<p>Difficulty swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emotional lability?

<p>Inappropriate or unprovoked emotional responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is epilepsy?

<p>Disorder that causes recurring seizures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is expressive aphasia?

<p>Difficulty communicating through speech or writing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is farsightedness?

<p>Ability to see distant objects more clearly than objects that are near.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is glaucoma?

<p>The pressure inside the eye increases, causing damage to the optic nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hemiparesis?

<p>Paralysis on one side of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hemiplegia?

<p>Weakness on one side of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Meniere's disease?

<p>Disorder of the inner ear caused by fluid buildup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is multiple sclerosis (MS)?

<p>Progressive disorder that causes loss of protective covering that protects nerves and spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is nearsightedness?

<p>Ability to see objects that are near more clearly than distant objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one-sided neglect?

<p>Tendency to ignore a weak or paralyzed side of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is otitis media?

<p>An infection of the middle ear that causes pain, pressure, fever, and reduced ability to hear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is paraplegia?

<p>Loss of function of the lower body and legs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Parkinson's disease?

<p>Progressive disorder that can cause tremors and a mask-like facial expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is quadriplegia?

<p>Loss of function of the arms, trunk, and legs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is receptive aphasia?

<p>Difficulty understanding spoken or written words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

<p>Warning sign of a cerebrovascular accident.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Strokes that occur on the right side of the brain affect functioning on the right side of the body.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diminished awareness or one-sided paralysis causes a lack of sensation that increases the risk of injury.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Residents with Parkinson's disease may need to do range of motion exercises to prevent contractors.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Multiple sclerosis is often diagnosed in young adulthood.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Spinal cord injuries are treated with more success if the cord is completely cut or severed.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eye drops are used to treat glaucoma.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statement is true of a hearing aid?

<p>The hearing aid should be turned off when it is not in use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true of an artificial eye?

<p>An artificial eye is held in place by suction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a resident has a vision impairment, a nursing assistant should:

<p>Use the face of an imaginary clock as the guide to explain the position of items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The best way that a nursing assistant can help a resident who has had a stroke is to:

<p>Use short, simple sentences when communicating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Residents who have paralysis are at higher risk of injury from:

<p>Drinking too many fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true of dementia?

<p>It is a serious loss of mental abilities that interferes with normal functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of dementia?

<p>Alzheimer's disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true of dementia?

<p>Making a diagnosis of dementia is difficult.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define Alzheimer's disease.

<p>A disease in which proteins accumulate and build up in and around nerve cells, leading to dementia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at stage one of Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Person may experience some problems such as memory loss, forgetting words or the location of familiar objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at stage two of Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Longest duration of any stage. Person experiences problems such as forgetting recent events, forgetting past experiences, and background changes in personality and behavior, along with several other changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at stage three of Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Person may be unable to communicate, control movement, or respond to his or her surroundings. People in this stage need a lot of help.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to encourage independence in residents with Alzheimer's disease?

<p>It helps to keep the patients' or residents' mind and body active.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nursing assistant should limit the times she uses this word and instead should redirect activities.

<p>don't</p> Signup and view all the answers

Another name for repetitive phrasing.

<p>Perseveration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

These types of cues should be watched for as the ability to talk lessens.

<p>Nonverbal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nursing assistant should first ________________ herself when greeting a resident with Alzheimer's disease.

<p>identify</p> Signup and view all the answers

Talking about only one of these at a time while using simple, short sentences may be helpful when dealing with a resident with Alzheimer's disease.

<p>subject</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of a nonverbal communication that can be used as speaking abilities decline.

<p>Touch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it a good or bad idea for non-slip mats, tub seats, and handholds to be used for residents with Alzheimer's disease?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it good or bad for residents to always be bathed at the same time every day, even when he is agitated?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it good or bad if the nursing assistant should not groom residents because they won't understand it?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it good or bad that the nursing assistant should calmly explain the care she will be giving the same way every time?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it good or bad if the resident is incontinent, the nursing assistant should not give him fluids?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it good or bad that the nursing assistant should check the resident's skin regularly for signs of irritation?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it good or bad that the nursing assistant should choose clothes that are easy to put on?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it good or bad that the bathroom should be marked with a sign as a reminder to use it and to show where it is?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it good or bad for mealtime, plain plates with simple place settings should be used?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it good or bad that the nursing assistant should not encourage independence, as this leads to aggressive behavior?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it good or bad that the resident's weight should be monitored accurately and frequently?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it good or bad that the nursing assistant should reward positive behavior with smiles, hugs, and warm touches?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Residents with Alzheimer's disease usually do not enjoy participating in activities.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Information from a resident's family should be used to plan activities for him.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Meaningful activities for a resident with Alzheimer's disease draw on past skills that the resident has used throughout his life.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Activities will keep a resident with Alzheimer's disease focused for several hours at a time.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: If a resident loses interest in an activity, the staff should push her to continue until she is finished because it promotes healthy self-esteem.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Residents' families should be encouraged to participate in activities.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Residents with Alzheimer's disease should be discouraged from exercising.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Each resident should be encouraged to use his or her special skills.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Reading and playing music are good ways to provide activity for bed-bound residents.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy promotes self-esteem, self-awareness, and socialization by having the residents gather in small groups?

<p>Remotivation therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy lets people with Alzheimer's disease believe they live in the past or in imaginary circumstances?

<p>Validation therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy encourages people with Alzheimer's disease to remember and talk about the past?

<p>Reminiscence therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

_________________ is a person's ability to use cognition and emotion appropriately.

<p>Mental health</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mental illness is a _________________ that affects a person's ability to function in family, home, work, or community settings.

<p>disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____________________________ is characterized by chronic anxiety, excessive worrying, and tension, even when there is no cause for these feelings.

<p>Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person who has had a traumatic experience such as being a victim of a crime or a severe accident may develop:

<p>Post-traumatic stress disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by ______________ behavior or thoughts.

<p>repetitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______________________ disorder causes extreme self-consciousness in common situations and may cause a person to avoid being around other people.

<p>Social anxiety disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______________________ is a type of mental illness that causes withdrawal, lack of energy, and intense sadness.

<p>Major depressive disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

Clinical depression is treated with ____________________ and __________________.

<p>medication, psychotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person with ______________________ may have mood swings and changes in energy level and ability to function.

<p>Bipolar disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Symptoms of ___________________ include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking and speech.

<p>Schizophrenia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person with paranoid schizophrenia may experience delusions of _________________

<p>persecution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some facts for substance abuse?

<ul> <li>Family history</li> <li>Having a mental illness</li> <li>Unstable home environment</li> <li>Poor coping skills.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstance is an elderly person more at risk for substance abuse?

<p>When they are taking prescription medication and drinking alcohol at the same time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System Functions

  • The nervous system controls and coordinates all body functions.
  • It senses and interprets information from the external environment.

Structural Components

  • Neurons are the basic working units of the nervous system.
  • The nervous system consists of two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
  • The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.

Sensory Functions

  • The ear is responsible for balance and hearing.
  • Sense organs include the skin, tongue, nose, eyes, and ears.

Visual Health

  • The retina contains photosensitive cells that send messages to the brain.
  • Age-related vision changes such as weakened vision, diminished sensitivity of nerve endings, and common conditions like cataracts and glaucoma may occur.

Neurological Conditions

  • A cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurs due to blocked blood supply to the brain or ruptured vessels.
  • Concussion results from the brain colliding with the skull.
  • Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing and emotional lability is marked by unprovoked emotional responses.

Disorders and Symptoms

  • Epilepsy is characterized by recurring seizures.
  • Expressive and receptive aphasia involve difficulties in speech and understanding, respectively.
  • Conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson's disease involve progressive functions affecting movement and coordination.

Aging Effects on Senses

  • Aging may lead to decreased sensory acuity in touch, hearing, and sight.
  • Slight, normal age-related memory loss can occur, but major cognitive declines require attention.
  • Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other visual impairments can significantly affect life quality.

Care and Management Strategies

  • Encouraging independence in residents with dementia is crucial for mental and physical activity.
  • Nonverbal cues, simple communication, and avoiding overwhelming situations enhance interaction with dementia patients.
  • Consistent use of support devices and clear signage for residents helps promote safety.

Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease

  • Alzheimer's disease is marked by progressive cognitive decline, starting with memory loss and advancing to severe communication difficulties.
  • Validation therapy and reminiscence therapy are techniques to engage individuals with Alzheimer's.
  • Family involvement and regular activity planning are essential for maintaining engagement and well-being.

Mental Health Awareness

  • Mental illness impairs functionality in daily life.
  • Conditions like generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder present various challenges and require specific treatment responses, including medication and psychotherapy.
  • Substance abuse is more likely in individuals with mental health issues or unstable environments.

Risk Factors and Management

  • Elderly individuals face increased risks for substance abuse, especially when combining prescription drugs with alcohol.
  • Awareness of past traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder informs care and intervention approaches in affected individuals.

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Description

Explore the functions and components of the nervous system in this quiz. Test your knowledge on sensory functions, visual health, and neurological conditions. Understand how the CNS and PNS work together to coordinate body functions.

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