Nervous System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of dendrites in neurons?

  • Receiving information and conducting it toward the cell body (correct)
  • Facilitating neuronal division and replication
  • Protecting the cell body from damage
  • Conducting impulses away from the cell body

    • Which part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?

  • Central nervous system (correct)
  • Visceral nervous system
  • Peripheral nervous system
  • Somatic nervous system

    • How are cranial nerves primarily classified?

  • According to their location in the skull
  • Based on their size and shape
  • By their function as sensory or motor nerves (correct)
  • Based on the number of processes

    • Which is a characteristic of mature neurons?

    <p>They do not undergo division and replication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nerve fibers conduct impulses away from the neuron’s cell body?

    <p>Axons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of cranial nerves are there in the human body?

    <p>12 pairs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerves is entirely sensory?

    <p>Olfactory nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Connecting the CNS to the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following divisions does NOT belong to the functional organization of the nervous system?

    <p>Central nervous system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerves are considered entirely motor?

    <p>Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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    Flashcards

    What is a neuron?

    A specialized cell responsible for receiving and transmitting information in the nervous system.

    What are dendrites?

    These are long, slender projections extending from the cell body of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons.

    What is an axon?

    This is a single, long projection extending from the cell body of a neuron that carries signals away from the cell body.

    What is the cell body of a neuron?

    This is the main body of the neuron, containing the nucleus and other cell parts.

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    What is the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

    This part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.

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    What is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

    This part of the nervous system connects the CNS to the rest of the body.

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    What is the role of the PNS?

    The PNS is responsible for carrying sensory information from the body to the CNS and carrying motor commands from the CNS to the muscles and glands.

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    What are cranial and spinal nerves?

    These nerves connect the CNS to the body, carrying signals back and forth.

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    What are visceral nerves?

    These nerves control involuntary functions like breathing, digestion, and heart rate.

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    What is the enteric nervous system?

    This system is located in the digestive tract and controls its functions independently of the CNS.

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    Study Notes

    Nervous System Overview

    • Neurons are specialized cells for receiving stimuli and conducting nerve impulses
    • A neuron encompasses the nerve cell and all its processes
    • Neurons vary in size and shape but all contain a cell body with processes called neurites.
    • Dendrites receive information and carry it towards the cell body
    • The axon is the single, long tubular neurite that transmits impulses away from the cell body.
    • Dendrites and axons are often referred to as nerve fibers
    • Neurons are located in the brain, spinal cord and ganglia
    • Normal neurons in mature individuals do not undergo division or replication
    • The nervous system can be categorized by structure (central and peripheral) and function (somatic and visceral).
    • CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord
    • PNS consists of all nervous structures outside CNS connecting it to the body
    • PNS components include spinal and cranial nerves, visceral nerves and plexuses, and the enteric system.

    Cranial Nerves

    • 12 pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the brain
    • They pass through foramina and fissures in the skull
    • All are distributed in the head and neck. However, one nerve, Cranial Nerve X (Vagus nerve), also supplies structures in the thorax and abdomen
    • Olfactory, Optic and Vestibulocochlear are entirely sensory nerves
    • Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens, Accessory and Hypoglossal are entirely motor nerves
    • Trigeminal, Facial, Glossopharyngeal, and Vagus are both sensory and motor nerves

    Spinal Nerves

    • 31 pairs of spinal nerves
    • These nerves emerge from the vertebral column through the intervertebral foramina
    • Each has an anterior and posterior root
    • Anterior root: Carries nerve impulses away from the CNS (efferent/motor)
    • Posterior root: Carries nerve impulses to the CNS (afferent/sensory).

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    Related Documents

    Nervous System (1) PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of the nervous system, focusing on neurons' structure and function. Learn about the classification of the nervous system into central and peripheral divisions, and understand the roles of dendrites and axons. This overview is essential for grasping the basics of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology.

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