Questions and Answers
What are the two structural divisions of the nervous system?
What are the subdivisions of the nerves in the Peripheral Nervous System?
Cranial Nerves, Spinal Nerves, Autonomic Neurons
What is the main function of the cranial nerves?
How do cranial and spinal nerves differ in terms of their function?
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What do sensory signals do?
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What is the function of motor signals?
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What components make up the somatic body region?
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The somatic nervous system consists of sensory and motor fibers to and from internal organs.
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Visceral sensory receptors gather information from which part of the body?
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What types of neurons are present in the autonomic nervous system?
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What are neurons supported by in the CNS and PNS?
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How is information transmitted through neuron cells?
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What distinguishes motor neurons from sensory neurons?
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In the PNS, axons larger than 1-2 micrometers in diameter are insulated by ______.
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What type of glia cell myelinates axons in the CNS?
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What type of glia cell surrounds neurons in the PNS?
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Study Notes
Structural Classification of the Nervous System
- Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprises the brain and spinal cord.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Consists of nerves located outside the CNS.
Subdivisions of Nerves in the PNS
- Includes three main types of nerves:
- Cranial Nerves (CN): 12 pairs that connect to the brain and serve the head and neck.
- Spinal Nerves (SN): 31 pairs linked to the spinal cord, serving the body wall and limbs.
- Autonomic Neurons (ANS): A two-neuron system controlling smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
Details of Cranial, Spinal, and Autonomic Nerves
- Cranial Nerves: Specific functions and targets for head/neck structures; each is unique.
- Spinal Nerves: Uniform in function, primarily serving the body wall and limbs.
- Autonomic Nervous System: Connects CNS and peripheral targets with preganglionic and postganglionic neurons.
Functional Classification of the Nervous System
- Cranial nerves transmit signals between the brain and PNS.
- Spinal nerves transmit signals between the spinal cord and PNS.
Sensory Afferent Receptor Signals
- Sensory receptors throughout the body gather signals and transport them to the CNS.
Motor Efferent Neuronal Signals
- Motor signals are dispatched from the CNS to muscles or glands, leading to contraction or secretion.
Body Region Divisions: Somatic Body Region
- Function: Monitors external environment and body position.
- Components: Includes skin, skeletal muscles, and bones outside the ventral body cavity.
Somatic Body Region: Sensory and Motor Components
- Somatosensory Receptors: Receive signals from skin, skeletal muscle, bones, and joints.
- Somatomotor Neurons: Control voluntary movements to the same structures, forming the somatic nervous system.
Body Region Divisions: Visceral Body Region
- Function: Oversees internal organ systems and conditions, primarily within body cavities.
Visceral Body Region: Sensory and Motor Components
- Visceral Sensory Receptors: Detect signals from internal organs and organ systems.
- Visceral Motor Neurons: Direct signals to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands via the autonomic nervous system.
Cells of the PNS and CNS: Neurons
- Both CNS and PNS consist of neurons and supporting tissue called neuroglia.
Information Transmission in Neurons
- Neurons receive information through axons, which communicate at synapses with other neurons via dendrites or the soma.
Motor Neurons vs. Sensory Neurons
- Motor Neurons: Transmit efferent impulses from CNS to effectors.
- Sensory Neurons: Relay afferent impulses from peripheral receptors to CNS.
Myelination of Neuronal Axons
- Axons over 1-2 micrometers in diameter are insulated by myelin sheaths.
- CNS axons are myelinated by oligodendrocytes, while PNS axons are myelinated by Schwann cells.
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Description
This quiz covers the structural and functional classification of the nervous system, focusing on the central and peripheral divisions. It also explores the various subdivisions of nerves in the peripheral nervous system. Test your knowledge with these flashcards!
