Anatomy and Physiology I: Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is responsible for problem-solving skills?

  • Central Nervous System (correct)
  • Peripheral Nervous System
  • Somatic Nervous System
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • None of the above

    • The central nervous system includes the

  • Cranial Nerves
  • Ganglia
  • Spinal Nerves
  • Spinal Cord (correct)
  • Sensory Receptors

    • The peripheral nervous system includes the

  • Cranial Nerves (correct)
  • Cerebellum
  • Brain
  • Spinal Cord
  • Blood-brain Barrier

    • There are __ pairs of cranial nerves and __ pairs of spinal nerves

    <p>12; 32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cell bodies of the peripheral nervous system are located in

    <p>Ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sensory (afferent) division of the peripheral nervous system

    <p>Transmits action potentials towards the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The motor (efferent) division of the peripheral nervous system

    <p>Transmits impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digestion of food is regulated by the

    <p>Parasympathetic Division of the ANS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nissl bodies are

    <p>Ribosomes associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dendrites

    <p>Are the input part of the neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Axons

    <p>Have a distal portion that branches to form the axonic terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myelinated axons contain

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synaptic vesicles that contain neurotransmitters are present in the

    <p>Presynaptic terminals or axonic terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A neuron that carries action potentials from one neuron to another is called a(n) ___

    <p>Interneuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A neuron that conducts pain sensations to the central nervous system would be classified as a(n)

    <p>Sensory or afferent neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurons that have a single axon and a single dendrite are

    <p>Bipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurons in the skin that are responsible for detecting pain are

    <p>Bipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A neuroglial cell that is a major component of the blood-brain barrier is the

    <p>Astrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid could be the result of the overactivity of the

    <p>ependymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gaps or interruptions in the myelin sheath are called

    <p>Nodes of Ranvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Depolarization of the nerve cell membrane occurs where there is a rapid influx (inflow) of

    <p>Sodium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the absolute refractory period, the cell

    <p>Is insensitive to further stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical synapses are characterized by

    <p>The release of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic terminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spinal nerves C5-T1 make up the __ plexus

    <p>Brachial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to about S4 for the

    <p>Sacral Plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central sulcus separates the

    <p>Frontal and parietal lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lateral fissure separates the __ from the rest of the cerebrum

    <p>Temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the choroid plexus in the walls and roofs of the

    <p>Ventricles of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cranial nerves is exclusively sensory?

    <p>Vestibulocochlear (VIII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the cranial nerves with their functions:

    <p>Facial nerve = Regulates facial expression Glossopharyngeal nerve = Involved in taste sensation Vagus nerve = Extends to thoracic and abdominal viscera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Central Nervous System (CNS)

    • The CNS is responsible for problem-solving skills.
    • It includes the brain and spinal cord.

    Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

    • The PNS includes the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia.
    • It is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
    • The somatic nervous system is responsible for transmitting information from sensory receptors to the CNS and from the CNS to skeletal muscles.
    • The autonomic nervous system regulates digestion, heart rate, and other involuntary functions.

    Cranial Nerves

    • There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
    • They are responsible for transmitting information from the senses to the CNS and from the CNS to muscles and glands.

    Spinal Nerves

    • There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
    • They are responsible for transmitting information from the senses to the CNS and from the CNS to muscles and glands in the periphery.

    Neuron Structure

    • Neurons have three main parts: dendrites, cell body, and axon.
    • Dendrites are the input part of the neuron and receive signals from other neurons.
    • The cell body contains the nucleus and is responsible for protein synthesis.
    • Axons are the output part of the neuron and transmit signals to other neurons or to muscles or glands.
    • Nissl bodies are ribosomes associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cell body.
    • Myelinated axons contain Schwann cells that produce myelin.

    Synaptic Transmission

    • Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic terminal and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic terminal.
    • The release of neurotransmitters is triggered by an action potential in the presynaptic neuron.
    • The binding of neurotransmitters to receptors causes a change in the postsynaptic neuron's membrane potential.

    Types of Neurons

    • Motor neurons transmit signals from the CNS to muscles and glands.
    • Sensory neurons transmit signals from sensory receptors to the CNS.
    • Interneurons transmit signals between neurons within the CNS.
    • Afferent neurons transmit signals from sensory receptors to the CNS.
    • Efferent neurons transmit signals from the CNS to muscles and glands.

    Neuroglial Cells

    • Astrocytes are a major component of the blood-brain barrier.
    • Microglial cells are responsible for phagocytosing foreign substances and debris.
    • Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the CNS.
    • Ependymal cells produce cerebrospinal fluid.

    Meninges

    • The meninges are three layers of protective tissue that cover the CNS.
    • The dura mater is the thickest and outermost layer.
    • The arachnoid mater is the middle layer.
    • The pia mater is the innermost layer and is in contact with the CNS.

    Spinal Cord

    • The spinal cord is divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions.
    • There are 8 cervical spinal nerves, 12 thoracic spinal nerves, 5 lumbar spinal nerves, and 5 sacral spinal nerves.
    • The spinal cord is protected by the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid.

    Brain

    • The brain is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.
    • The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher-level functions.
    • The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating muscle movements.
    • The brainstem connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord.
    • The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes.
    • The lateral fissure separates the temporal lobe from the rest of the cerebrum.
    • The gray matter on the outer surface of the cerebrum is called the cortex.

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    This quiz tests your knowledge of the nervous system, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, and their functions.

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