أسئلة المحاضرتين 11 و 12 هستولوجي (قبل التعديل)

<p>Non-myelinated without neurolemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase the conduction speed of impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epineurium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulate nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signals pass from one neuron to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transmit electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are highly branched to increase surface area for receiving impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus, cytoplasm, axon, and dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toluidine blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direction of impulse transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To activate chemical messengers like neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron's receptor sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-30 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To form the myelin sheath around axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 to 50 neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schwann cells provide myelination for one axon segment, while oligodendrocytes can myelinate multiple axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a single process that divides into two branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuron cells can be found in structured groups or irregular distributions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide structural support to neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cytoplasm of the axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naked fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitate rapid conduction of nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perineurium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fusiform cells with a single process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To integrate and interpret stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Includes Golgi apparatus and mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centripetal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to transmit electrical impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spinal ganglia for sensory signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomal RNA presence in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To deliver signals quickly to the receptor sites of the postsynaptic neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store and release neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gap junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their star-shaped branching appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-30 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synaptic transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One oligodendrocyte can myelinate 3 to 50 neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One Schwann cell provides myelination for one segment of one axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Numerous processes branching from a single elongated body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form the myelin sheath of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have processes that wrap around multiple axons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They display high sensitivity to injury and inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conduction velocity of electrical impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multipolar neurons have a central nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They transmit electrical impulses and facilitate the rapid response to stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nissl granules are essential for protein synthesis, contributing to the metabolic activities needed for neuron survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The highly branched structure of dendrites increases their surface area for receiving impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendrites carry impulses toward the cell body, while axons carry impulses away from it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons typically have a rounded cell body with multiple processes extending from it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nervous system interprets sensory input and determines an appropriate response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axons are long threads with a uniform diameter and tapering ends, lacking Nissl granules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They transmit sensory and motor information between the central nervous system and the rest of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath that facilitate rapid conduction of nerve impulses through saltatory conduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelinated fibers with neurolemma have a layer of Schwann cells surrounding them, while those without do not have this insulating layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bipolar neurons have two processes, a dendrite and an axon, allowing them to efficiently transmit visual signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells in the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The axolemma is the specialized membrane surrounding an axon, crucial for maintaining the ionic environment needed for action potentials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dense connective tissue layer provides structural support and protection to nerve trunks while allowing for organization and separation of nerve bundles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-myelinated fibers can be categorized into those that are naked (without neurolemma) or ensheathed (with neurolemma).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spinal ganglia neurons possess a single T-shaped process that divides into a dendrite and an axon, allowing for efficient signal transmission to and from the spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The axon usually has a single long process that conducts impulses away from the cell body, while dendrites have multiple short processes that receive signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An electrical impulse activates the release of neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrocytes connect neurons to blood vessels and regulate the chemical environment by removing excess ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The synaptic cleft is the thin space where neurotransmitters cross to connect with receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gap junctions allow for direct electrical signal transmission between neurons, unlike chemical synapses which use neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The synaptic cleft is about 20-30 nm wide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This type of synapse is called an axodendritic synapse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and help produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurovesicles typically contain neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine or dopamine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of CSF is to cushion the brain and spinal cord and provide buoyancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around multiple axons in the CNS, while Schwann cells myelinate a single segment of one axon in the PNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudounipolar neurons are predominantly found in the sensory ganglia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oligodendrocytes have multiple processes that can wrap around several axons simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sympathetic ganglia typically have cells that are scattered irregularly while spinal nerve roots show a more organized and parallel arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In diseases like Multiple Sclerosis, the damage to oligodendrocytes disrupts myelination in the CNS, while Schwann cell dysfunction can affect peripheral nerve repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thinly myelinated fibers conduct impulses slower than thickly myelinated fibers, affecting signal transmission efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nerve fibers in dorsal roots are typically thickly myelinated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons are responsible for transmitting electrical impulses within the nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendrites are branched structures that receive impulses, while axons carry impulses away from the cell body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The organelles include the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and Nissl granules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell body of neurons is typically rounded and contains a large, central nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basophilic granules are involved in the synthesis of proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Centripetal' refers to nerve impulses moving towards the cell body, while 'centrifugal' refers to impulses moving away from it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spinal ganglia mainly relay sensory information, while autonomic ganglia control involuntary functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematoxylin and Toluidine blue are commonly used stains for identifying neuronal structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurovesicles are organelles in the presynaptic neuron that contain neurotransmitters, primarily acetylcholine or dopamine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The synaptic cleft is a thin space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals where neurotransmitters are released and diffuse to activate receptors on the next neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrocytes connect neurons to blood vessels for nutrition and regulate the chemical environment by removing excess ions during synaptic transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gap junctions allow for electrical synapses that enable rapid transmission of electrical signals between neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oligodendrocytes are found in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurotransmitters bind to receptor sites on the postsynaptic neuron, causing it to generate an electrical impulse if sufficiently stimulated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microglia are small cells with spiny processes and can transform into macrophages to clear neuronal debris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The release of neurotransmitters is initiated by an electrical impulse in the presynaptic neuron which triggers the fusion of neurovesicles with the presynaptic membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath around multiple neurons in the CNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schwann cells myelinate only one segment of a single axon in the PNS, while oligodendrocytes can myelinate several neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudounipolar neurons have a single process that splits into two branches, one acting as the dendrite and the other as the axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the PNS, the myelination of nerve fibers is performed by Schwann cells, with each cell myelinating a single segment of an axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ependymal cells line the spinal cord and ventricular system and are responsible for the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelinated fibers are typically thickly myelinated and widely separated, while unmyelinated fibers are thinly or non-myelinated and close together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons in sympathetic ganglia are usually multipolar and arranged irregularly, whereas sensory ganglia contain pseudounipolar neurons organized in groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These small cells, likely glial cells, provide support, maintain homeostasis, and protect neurons from injury and inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The axon consists of the axon membrane, also known as axolemma, and the cytoplasm called axoplasm, which may be naked or ensheathed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The myelin sheath provides insulation to nerve impulses, allowing for faster conduction of signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nodes of Ranvier are interruptions in the myelin sheath that facilitate saltatory conduction, enabling faster signal transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The connective tissue is dense and divides the nerve trunk into bundles, providing structural support and protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelinated fibers are coated with a myelin sheath and are faster in signal transmission, while non-myelinated fibers lack this sheath and conduct impulses more slowly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fusiform neurons are typically found in sensory ganglia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bipolar neurons in the retina have two processes: a dendrite and an axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synapses allow nervous impulses to pass from one neuron to another, typically between the axon of one neuron and the body or dendrites of another neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers