Nervous System Overview and Organization
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Questions and Answers

What are the three main components of the nervous system?

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

What is the role of the nervous system in relation to homeostasis?

To regulate and control body functions and activities by communicating with other body systems.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

  • Coordinating movement
  • Controlling the heart rate and blood pressure
  • Digesting food (correct)
  • Regulating body temperature

    • The nervous system is considered the most complex system in the human body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Central Nervous System (CNS) = integrates and processes information from the nerves Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) = network of nerves that carry sensory messages to the CNS and send information back to muscles and glands Somatic Nervous System = responsible for voluntary movements Autonomic Nervous System = controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Preparing the body for stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for promoting relaxation and digestion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Sympathetic and parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is released by the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sensory pathways in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Carrying sensory information from the body to the central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the motor pathways in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Carrying motor commands from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nervous system is made up of the brain, ______, and all of the nerves that connect them to the rest of the body.

    <p>spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic stress can lead to inflammation in the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

    <p>Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nervous system is responsible for regulating and controlling body functions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are functions of the nervous system? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Automatic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Somatic and autonomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Controls involuntary functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response?

    <p>Sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response?

    <p>Parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main neurotransmitters involved in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

    <p>Norepinephrine and acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic stress can lead to inflammation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nervous system is composed solely of neurons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

    <p>Central nervous system (CNS) and Peripheral nervous system (PNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main branches of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Sympathetic and Parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements?

    <p>Somatic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for increasing heart rate and blood pressure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the sympathetic system is activated due to stress?

    <p>Fight or flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nervous system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main functions of neurons?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell accounts for about half of the volume of the nervous system?

    <p>Glial Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main functions of glial cells?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glial cell regulates external environment (ions, etc.)?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Astrocytes may contribute to the blood-brain barrier and to synapses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are tissues that individual neurons are organized into?

    <p>Nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of neurons that make up nerves?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neuron carries information from sensory receptors?

    <p>Sensory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neuron carries information to the muscles or glands?

    <p>Motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons connect different types of neurons within the CNS?

    <p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main categories of neurons based on their function in the nervous system?

    <p>Both C and D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nervous system made up of?

    <p>The brain, spinal cord, and all of the nerves that emerge from them and connect them to the rest of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nervous system is capable of detecting changes and responding to them.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nervous system is only responsible for voluntary actions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the central nervous system consist of?

    <p>The brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

    <p>A network of nerves that transmit signals between the CNS and the rest of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CNS and PNS work together to control sensory input, integration, and motor output.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CNS is responsible for sending information to neurons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The PNS is responsible for integrating and processing information.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main components of the somatic nervous system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The autonomic nervous system controls other organ systems.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common term for the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Fight or flight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems always operate independently.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic stress can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and turn on inflammation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for promoting an anti-inflammatory response.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for "fight or flight" responses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>To decrease heart rate and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the basic function of neurons.

    <p>Neurons are the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system. They receive, integrate, and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are glial cells responsible for?

    <p>Supporting neurons and maintaining the nervous system's environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a reflex arc?

    <p>A reflex arc is a simple neuronal pathway that controls involuntary responses to stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does chronic stress affect the nervous system?

    <p>Chronic stress can lead to an overactive sympathetic nervous system, resulting in inflammation and a decreased capacity for relaxation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous System Overview

    • The nervous system comprises the brain, spinal cord, and all nerves connecting them to the body.
    • It's the most complex system in the human body.
    • It detects changes and responds to them.
    • Its functions include automatic responses and learned/coordinated activities.

    Homeostasis and the Nervous System

    • The nervous system rapidly regulates and controls body functions through communication with other systems.
    • This communication involves electrical signals traveling throughout the body.

    Organization of the Nervous System

    • The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
      • CNS: Includes the brain and spinal cord. It processes and integrates information.
      • PNS: Consists of all nerves branching from the CNS, carrying sensory information to the CNS and motor information from the CNS to muscles and glands.
        • Divided further into: sensory pathways, motor pathways, Somatic nervous system (voluntary actions), Autonomic nervous system (involuntary actions), further divided into Sympathetic and Parasympathetic systems.

    Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems (CNS & PNS)

    • The CNS (brain and spinal cord) processes information and directs responses.
    • The PNS transmits sensory information to the CNS and motor signals from the CNS.
      • The PNS is a network of nerves that carry sensory information to the CNS and motor commands from the CNS to the rest of the body, including sensory and motor pathways.

    Peripheral Nervous System (Somatic and Autonomic):

    • Somatic: Consists of sensory receptors (in the head and extremities) and nerves carrying information to the CNS and instructions from the CNS to muscles for voluntary movements.
    • Autonomic: Consists of neurons in organ systems and regulates involuntary functions:
      • Contains glands, smooth and cardiac muscles, to regulate organ functioning.
      • Further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

    Autonomic Nervous System (Sympathetic and Parasympathetic):

    • Sympathetic: The "fight or flight" system, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and redirecting energy towards immediate needs during stress. It releases adrenaline and cortisol, and also stimulates glucose production and release. It's involved in the body's response to stress.
    • Parasympathetic: The "rest and digest" system, promoting relaxation and restoring the body to a normal state, slowing heart rate, decreasing blood pressure, and stimulating digestion. It releases hormones such as Growth hormone, DHEA, and melatonin, and promotes relaxation and stress reduction. It's vital for maintaining homeostasis during calm periods.

    Chronic Stress and its Impact

    • Chronic stress can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, negatively impacting the balance of inflammatory responses, shifting the body's regulatory balance towards a pro-inflammatory response.

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    Description

    Explore the complexities of the nervous system, including its structure, functions, and how it maintains homeostasis. This quiz covers the central and peripheral nervous systems, detailing their roles in processing information and coordinating body responses.

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