Nervous System Infections
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Questions and Answers

Through which route do infectious agents most commonly enter the nervous system?

  • Direct implantation of microorganisms
  • Hematogenous spread by way of the arterial blood supply (correct)
  • Peripheral nerves
  • Local extension from infections of the skull or spine

Which type of infection is caused by Escherichia coli or group B streptococci in infants?

  • Herpes zoster
  • Staphylococcus aureus infection
  • Rabies
  • Meningitis (correct)

What is a common means of entry for viruses such as rabies and herpes zoster?

  • Peripheral nerves (correct)
  • Direct implantation of microorganisms
  • Hematogenous spread by way of the arterial blood supply
  • Local extension from infections of the skull or spine

What is a rare way of direct implantation of microorganisms?

<p>Iatrogenic cases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection can occur with infections of the skull or spine?

<p>Local extension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common means of entry for Staphylococcus aureus?

<p>Hematogenous spread by way of the arterial blood supply (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an infectious agent with an absolute predilection for the nervous system?

<p>Rabies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical syndrome associated with Streptococcus?

<p>Meningitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of bacterial meningitis in neonates?

<p>Escherichia coli and group B streptococci (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses causes subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?

<p>Measles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common cause of fungal meningitis?

<p>Cryptococcus neoformans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of encephalitis?

<p>West Nile virus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical clinical presentation of pyogenic meningitis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of cerebral malaria?

<p>Plasmodium falciparum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of bacterial meningitis in older adults?

<p>Listeria monocytogenes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis of untreated pyogenic meningitis?

<p>Often fatal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a predisposing condition for brain abscesses?

<p>Cyanotic congenital heart disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of brain abscesses?

<p>Central liquefactive necrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lumbar puncture in brain abscess diagnosis?

<p>To diagnose brain abscess (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of brain abscess if left untreated?

<p>High mortality rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of viral encephalitis?

<p>Inflammation of both the meninges and brain parenchyma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic histologic feature of viral encephalitis?

<p>Perivascular and parenchymal mononuclear cell infiltrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the nervous system susceptible to certain viruses?

<p>Due to the presence of specific CNS cell types (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of brain abscess rupture?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stage of syphilis does neurosyphilis represent?

<p>Tertiary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pattern of CNS involvement by syphilis is characterized by chronic meningitis and obliterative endarteritis?

<p>Meningovascular neurosyphilis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition caused by neurosyphilis results in severe dementia?

<p>Paretic neurosyphilis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the characteristic symptoms of Tabes dorsalis?

<p>Loss of pain sensation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogens are typically involved in parenchymal infections of the brain in immunosuppressed hosts?

<p>Any agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of brain abscesses?

<p>Bacterial infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to the development of a brain abscess?

<p>Direct implantation of organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may result in the absence of deep tendon reflexes?

<p>Tabes dorsalis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of pyogenic meningitis?

<p>A thick layer of suppurative exudate covering the brain stem and cerebellum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most likely to show reduced glucose levels in CSF?

<p>Pyogenic meningitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are typically found in the CSF during aseptic meningitis?

<p>Lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common macroscopic finding in aseptic meningitis?

<p>Brain swelling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is commonly associated with tuberculous meningitis?

<p>Moderate increase in CSF cellularity with mononuclear cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the microscopic findings in pyogenic meningitis?

<p>Neutrophils may fill the entire subarachnoid space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition typically does not show bacteria in the CSF?

<p>Aseptic meningitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is associated with the formation of tuberculoma in the brain?

<p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hematogenous Spread

Infectious agents enter the nervous system through the arterial blood supply.

Meningitis in Infants

An infection caused by Escherichia coli or group B streptococci in newborns.

Peripheral Nerves

Viruses like rabies and herpes zoster enter the nervous system through peripheral nerves.

Iatrogenic Cases

Direct implantation of microorganisms, often during medical procedures.

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Local Extension

Infection spreads from nearby structures to the nervous system.

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Staphylococcus aureus Entry

Staphylococcus aureus commonly enters the nervous system through the blood.

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Rabies

A virus with a strong preference for the nervous system.

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Streptococcal Meningitis

The clinical syndrome caused by Streptococcus infection.

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Neonatal Meningitis

Escherichia coli and group B streptococci are frequent culprits in newborn meningitis.

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Measles Encephalitis

Measles virus can cause a rare but severe brain infection.

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Cryptococcal Meningitis

A common fungal infection of the brain.

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West Nile Virus

A common cause of inflammation of the brain (encephalitis).

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Pyogenic Meningitis

Characterized by fever, headache, stiff neck, and altered mental status.

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Cerebral Malaria

Plasmodium falciparum parasite causes brain complications.

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Meningitis in Older Adults

Listeria monocytogenes is a common cause of meningitis in older adults.

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Untreated Pyogenic Meningitis

If left untreated, pyogenic meningitis frequently leads to death.

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Brain Abscess Risk

Cyanotic congenital heart disease increases the risk of brain abscesses.

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Brain Abscess Feature

Central liquefactive necrosis is characteristic of a brain abscess.

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Lumbar Puncture Role

Lumbar puncture is crucial for diagnosing brain abscesses.

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Brain Abscess Prognosis

Without treatment, brain abscesses have a high mortality rate.

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Viral Encephalitis

Inflammation involving both the meninges and brain tissue.

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Viral Encephalitis Histology

Perivascular and parenchymal inflammation with mononuclear cells.

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Nervous System Susceptibility

Specific brain cells attract certain viruses.

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Brain Abscess Rupture

Rupture can lead to various complications.

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Neurosyphilis Stage

Neurosyphilis occurs during the tertiary stage of syphilis.

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Meningovascular Neurosyphilis

Characterized by chronic meningitis and damaged blood vessels.

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Paretic Neurosyphilis

Severe dementia resulting from syphilis.

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Tabes Dorsalis

Neurosyphilis leading to loss of pain sensation and reflexes.

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Brain Infections in Immunosuppressed

Any microorganisms can cause brain infections in people with weakened immune systems.

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Brain Abscess Cause

Bacterial infections are the most common cause of brain abscesses.

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Brain Abscess Development

Direct implantation of bacteria can lead to brain abscesses.

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Tabes Dorsalis Symptom

Loss of deep tendon reflexes is a characteristic feature of Tabes dorsalis.

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Pyogenic Meningitis Feature

Thick pus coating the brain stem and cerebellum.

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Low CSF Glucose

Reduced glucose levels in CSF suggest pyogenic meningitis.

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Aseptic Meningitis Cells

Lymphocytes are commonly seen in the CSF during aseptic meningitis.

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Aseptic Meningitis Appearance

Aseptic meningitis often presents with brain swelling.

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Tuberculous Meningitis Feature

Moderate increase in CSF cells, mostly mononuclear.

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Pyogenic Meningitis Microscopic

Neutrophils fill the subarachnoid space.

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Aseptic Meningitis Bacteria

Bacteria are typically absent in the CSF of aseptic meningitis.

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Tuberculoma Formation

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can create tuberculoma in the brain.

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