Questions and Answers
What is the definition of central nervous system (CNS) infections?
The term central nervous system (CNS) infections refers to a variety of infections involving the brain and spinal cord and associated tissues, fluids, and membranes, including meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infections, and postoperative infections.
What are some causes of CNS infections?
CNS infections can be caused by bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria, viruses, parasites, and spirochetes.
Why are CNS infections considered neurologic emergencies?
CNS infections, such as meningitis, are considered neurologic emergencies because they demand prompt medical intervention and treatment to prevent death and residual neurologic deficits.
What is the overall mortality rate of bacterial meningitis in the United States?
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What is the impact of improperly treated CNS infections?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a CNS infection?
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What is the incidence rate of CNS infections between 1997 and 2010?
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What is the overall mortality rate of bacterial meningitis in the United States?
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What is the term used to describe infections involving the brain and spinal cord?
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Why is prompt recognition, diagnosis, and management of CNS infections important?
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Study Notes
Definition and Causes of CNS Infections
- CNS infections refer to infections that affect the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.
- Causes of CNS infections include bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections, as well as other conditions that affect the nervous system.
Importance of Prompt Recognition and Management
- CNS infections are considered neurologic emergencies that require prompt recognition, diagnosis, and management to prevent severe consequences.
- Improperly treated CNS infections can lead to severe morbidity, mortality, and long-term neurological sequelae.
Epidemiology of CNS Infections
- The overall mortality rate of bacterial meningitis in the United States is approximately 10-15%.
- The incidence rate of CNS infections between 1997 and 2010 was highest in children under 1 year old and in adults over 65 years old.
Key Terms and Concepts
- CNS infections are also referred to as infections involving the brain and spinal cord.
- Bacterial meningitis is a type of CNS infection that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
- Prompt recognition, diagnosis, and management of CNS infections are crucial to prevent severe outcomes.
- Encephalitis, meningitis, and abscesses are examples of CNS infections.
- Headaches, fever, and stiff neck are common symptoms of CNS infections.
- Focal neurologic deficits, seizures, and altered mental status are also indicative of CNS infections.
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