Nervous System Fundamentals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What term describes the process by which the nervous system interprets sensory input?

  • Motor output
  • Responding
  • Integration (correct)
  • Sensory reception

Which of the following events exemplifies a sensory input?

  • Hearing the crash of falling plates (correct)
  • Activating the muscles to stop the car
  • Deciding to laugh at a joke
  • Responding to a message from a friend

What does motor output refer to in the context of the nervous system?

  • Activating muscles and glands to produce a response (correct)
  • Formulating decisions based on sensory input
  • Processing and interpreting information
  • Receiving external stimuli

In the example of driving, what does the red light signify to the nervous system?

<p>Stop (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the overall role of the nervous system?

<p>It is the master controlling and communicating system of the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the motor division of the PNS?

<p>Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system allows for conscious control over skeletal muscles?

<p>Somatic nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the components of the autonomic nervous system?

<p>It regulates the activity of smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the CNS is made up of extracellular space?

<p>Around 20% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells primarily make up nervous tissue?

<p>Neuroglia and neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT associated with the motor division of the PNS?

<p>Processing sensory information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neuroglia in the nervous system?

<p>To support and protect neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the somatic nervous system's action?

<p>Voluntary control of muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What comprises the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>Brain and spinal cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sensory (afferent) division of the peripheral nervous system?

<p>Conveying impulses from receptors to the CNS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fibers are included in the visceral sensory category?

<p>Nerve fibers that send signals from internal organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers are involved in conducting impulses from the CNS to effectors?

<p>Motor (efferent) nerve fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

<p>It includes cranial nerves and spinal nerves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the somatic division of the nervous system is true?

<p>It consists of afferent and efferent pathways. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of integrative centers in the central nervous system?

<p>To process and interpret sensory information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of motor nerve fibers?

<p>Conducting impulses to muscle and glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system as described in the content?

<p>To serve as the main controlling and communicating system of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of driving, how does the nervous system respond to seeing a red light?

<p>By integrating the information and causing the foot to hit the brake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'integration' refer to in the function of the nervous system?

<p>Processing and interpreting sensory input to determine an appropriate response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do effectors play in the nervous system's motor output?

<p>They are activated to produce a response to stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common aspect do the events of sensory input, integration, and motor output share?

<p>They represent sequential processes of the nervous system's functioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures make up the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>Brain and spinal cord (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the sensory (afferent) division of the peripheral nervous system?

<p>Conducting impulses from receptors to the CNS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines the motor (efferent) division of the peripheral nervous system?

<p>Conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nerve fibers carry sensory information from the skin and skeletal muscles?

<p>Somatic sensory fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do integrative centers in the CNS serve?

<p>Processing and interpreting sensory input (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements describes the function of somatic sensory fibers?

<p>They send sensory information from the body's periphery to the CNS. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between the CNS and PNS?

<p>CNS processes information while PNS connects it to the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the peripheral nervous system?

<p>Brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system?

<p>To regulate activities of smooth and cardiac muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about supporting cells in the nervous system is true?

<p>They make up the majority of the nervous tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the motor division of the peripheral nervous system have on muscles?

<p>It activates muscles to contract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the somatic nervous system categorized?

<p>As a voluntary nervous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the central nervous system is correct?

<p>It is highly cellular with less than 20% extracellular space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the motor output in the nervous system?

<p>It causes glands to secrete and muscles to contract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers does the somatic nervous system predominantly involve?

<p>Somatic motor nerve fibers to skeletal muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly describes the relationship between the CNS and PNS?

<p>The PNS carries impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nervous System Function

The nervous system controls and communicates with the body, enabling thoughts, actions, and emotions.

Sensory Input

The process of receiving information from the environment.

Integration (Nervous System)

The nervous system processes and interprets sensory information to decide on a response.

Motor Output

The nervous system activates muscles and glands to produce a response.

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Example: Red Light

Sensory input (seeing a red light), followed by integration ('stop'), and a motor output (foot on the brake) demonstrate the nervous system's function.

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Central Nervous System (CNS)

The brain and spinal cord, acting as the integrative and control centers of the body.

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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The cranial nerves and spinal nerves, acting as communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body.

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Sensory (Afferent) Division

Part of the PNS that carries sensory information to the CNS from sensory receptors in the body.

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Motor (Efferent) Division

Part of the PNS that carries motor commands from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands) to produce a response.

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Somatic Sensory Fibers

Nerve fibers that convey sensory input from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints.

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Visceral Sensory Fibers

Nerve fibers that convey sensory input from internal organs and viscera.

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Somatic Nervous System

Part of the motor division of the PNS, controlling voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

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Integrative Function

Processing sensory input from the CNS to make decisions related to appropriate responses.

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Efferent division of PNS

The part of the peripheral nervous system that transmits impulses from the central nervous system to effector organs (muscles and glands).

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Effector organs

Muscles and glands that respond to impulses from the nervous system.

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Autonomic nervous system

Part of the motor division that controls involuntary actions of smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands.

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Motor response

The reaction of a muscle or gland to a nerve impulse.

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Neuroglia

Supporting cells in the nervous system that surround and protect neurons

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Nervous tissue

Tissue in the nervous system consisting mostly of neurons and glial cells

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What is the CNS responsible for?

The Central Nervous System (CNS) is the control center of the body, processing information and coordinating responses. It includes the brain and spinal cord.

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What does the PNS do?

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) acts as the communication network between the CNS and the rest of the body, carrying signals to and from the brain and spinal cord.

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Sensory input (afferent)

The process of receiving information from the environment, like temperature, touch, or light, and sending it to the CNS via nerve fibers.

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Motor output (efferent)

The sending of commands from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands) to produce a response, like moving your arm or releasing hormones.

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What do effectors respond to?

Effectors (muscles and glands) respond to impulses from the nervous system, producing a response like a muscle contraction or hormone release.

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What is the difference between somatic and visceral sensory fibers?

Somatic sensory fibers carry information from the skin, muscles, and joints, while visceral sensory fibers carry information from internal organs.

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What does 'efferent' mean?

Carrying away from

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Motor Neuron Function

Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs like muscles and glands.

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What are effector organs?

Muscles and glands, responding to impulses from the nervous system

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Nervous System's Role

The nervous system is the body's control center, responsible for communication, directing thoughts, actions, and emotions.

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Integration

The nervous system processes sensory information and decides the appropriate response.

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Effectors

Muscles and glands that respond to signals from the nervous system.

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Study Notes

Nervous System Fundamentals

  • The nervous system has three main functions: sensory input, integration, and motor output.
  • Sensory input monitors changes inside and outside the body.
  • Integration processes and interprets sensory input, deciding on a response.
  • Motor output activates effector organs like muscles and glands to respond.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

  • The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
  • It's the integrating and control center of the nervous system.
  • It interprets sensory input and dictates motor output.
  • It utilizes past experiences and current conditions to respond.
  • The CNS is located within the dorsal body cavity.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

  • The PNS extends beyond the CNS.
  • It consists mostly of nerves (bundles of axons) and ganglia (collections of neuron cell bodies).
  • Spinal nerves connect to the spinal cord, and cranial nerves connect to the brain.
  • Peripheral nerves carry impulses to and from the spinal cord and brain.

Nervous System Organization

  • The CNS is the control center.
  • The PNS is the communication lines, connecting CNS to the rest of the body.
  • The PNS further subdivides into sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) divisions.
  • The sensory (afferent) division transmits signals from sensors to the CNS.
  • The motor (efferent) division transmits signals from the CNS to muscles, glands, and other tissues.
  • The motor division further subdivides into somatic and autonomic systems.
  • Somatic nervous system controls voluntary actions.
  • Autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions.
  • Sympathetic division prepares the body for action.
  • Parasympathetic division conserves body energy.

Supporting Cells (Neuroglia)

  • Neuroglia (glial cells) support the neurons.
  • Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes all serve different roles in CNS.
  • Satellite cells and Schwann cells provide support in the PNS.
  • Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the CNS.
  • Microglial cells are the defensive cells of the CNS.
  • Ependymal cells line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord.
  • Oligodendrocytes myelinate CNS nerve fibers.
  • Satellite cells surround neuron cell bodies in PNS, similar to astrocytes in CNS.
  • Schwann cells myelinate PNS nerve fibers, vital to peripheral nerve repair.

Neurons

  • Neurons are the basic structural units of the nervous system, responsible for conducting messages.
  • They are amitotic but with extreme longevity.
  • Characteristics: extreme longevity, amitotic, and high metabolic rate (require oxygen and glucose).
  • Neurons have a cell body, dendrites (receptive regions), and an axon (conducting).
  • The axon arises from the axon hillock.
  • Axons may have axon collaterals, branches, and axon terminals.

Neuron Classification

  • Neurons can be classified by the number of processes extending from the cell body:
  • Multipolar: multiple processes, most common neuron type in CNS.
  • Bipolar: two processes. Primarily sensory.
  • Unipolar/pseudounipolar: one process; primarily sensory in PNS.

Neuron Processes

  • Dendrites receive incoming messages towards the cell body.
  • Axons conduct impulses away.
  • Myelin sheath: insulating covering on axons of many nerve fibers resulting in a faster propagation speed.

Myelin Sheaths

  • In PNS, Schwann cells form myelin sheaths.
  • In CNS, oligodendrocytes form sheaths.

Synapses

  • Synapses are junctions between neurons that transfer information.
  • Chemical synapses: use neurotransmitters.
  • Electrical synapses: allow ions to flow directly between neurons via gap junctions.

Action Potentials

  • The action potential (AP) is a quick, large-scale reversal of the membrane potential.
  • It's a long-distance signal. – An action potential is an all-or-none event..

Coding for Stimulus Intensity

  • Stimulus intensity is coded for by the frequency (number of action potentials per second) rather than the amplitude.

Refractory Periods

  • Absolute refractory period: time when a neuron cannot respond to another stimulus.
  • Relative refractory period: time when a neuron can respond to an exceptionally strong stimulus.

Conduction Velocity

  • Factors impacting conduction velocity include axon diameter and myelination.
  • Myelinated axons conduct impulses faster (saltatory conduction) than nonmyelinated axons (continuous conduction).

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Description

Test your understanding of the nervous system's structure and functions. This quiz covers the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), highlighting their roles in sensory input, integration, and motor output. Challenge yourself with questions on how these systems interact and respond to stimuli.

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